232 CHAS. L. WALTON. 



corallines, the tips of which were dead and white ; these were of a 

 dull pink, freckled all over with white, and thus so resembled th& 

 corallines as to quite deceive me at first. 



" Many were expanded at the mouth of cracks and crevices, into 

 which they retired when touched ; and most of these had the 

 summit covered with fragments of shell, etc., attached to the suckers 

 of the upper portion of the column, so that when contracted there 

 remained no sign of the anemone. I ascertained that in these the 

 colour of the under side of the waved margin was not in agreement 

 with the environment. 



"Throughout numerous pools in ever-changing conditions, this species 

 in each case varied to suit the colour scheme, importing shades of red 

 or yellow, or both, in threads and streaks, and so on through innumer- 

 able variations." 



I have frequently had to resort to feeling before I could be sure 

 whether what I saw was a tuft of some seaweed or a specimen of 

 C. pcduneulatns. 



That this resemblance is of protective value is highly probable, but 

 from numerous observations, both under natural conditions and in 

 aquaria, of small Crustacea mistaking the anemones for Algac and so 

 being caught and devoured, I consider it to be also, if not even 

 predominantly, aggressive. 



Specimens living under stones are usually of small size, and when 

 so situated that they can receive even a modicum of light are in colour 

 merely pale editions of the prevailing local varieties ; but when, as is 

 frequently the case, specimens are obtained from beneath several 

 layers of stones and weeds and thus have lived in darkness, the 

 colours are usually light shades of chrome-yellow, together with 

 crimson and scarlet, generally in lines and streaks, the columns as 

 a rule colourless. A certain proportion of these shades frequently 

 forms some portion of the mixed colouration of the surface forms, 

 and the curious predominance in cases where adaptive and selective 

 conditions are in abeyance may point to a form originally so coloured. 



Gcphyra dohrnii, von Koch, I consider to be a true instance of 

 protective resemblance. At the Marine Biological Laboratory, Ply- 

 mouth, I recently examined several specimens living upon Eunicdla 

 cavoUni, von Koch. An adult exactly agreed wdth the general tone 

 of the Eunicella, but a smaller and younger one did not accord so well, 

 being paler, and when expanded showed a number of irregular opaque 

 white streaks upon the disk and tentacles. In the adults there were 

 merely a few specks in the area of the mouth. This may also point 

 to an ancestrv not resembling the JEunicella in colour, or at any rate 



