RESEARCHES ON RACES OF HERRINGS. 77 
DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKING OF THE SEPARATE 
SAMPLES. 
Four samples of herrings have been investigated fully, two smal 
samples and two large ones. For the sake of convenience they have been 
numbered in chronological order. 
Sample I. 84herrings9 miles 8. of Looe, July 15, 1914. 
¥ TD SD at, from Cawsand Bay, Dec. 9, 1914. 
53 Bie SOK a st from 6 miles W. by S. of Start Point, Dec. 15, 
1914. 
WT 52r xe 3 from about 8 miles W.S.W. to about 3 miles 
S.8.W. of Start Point, Jan. 6, 1915. 
Sample I. 
Particulars of this sample are given on the recording sheets. Characters 
13 and 14 are given as totals. This sample, being a batch of summer 
herrings from the Plymouth district, should be specially interesting in 
comparison with the winter spawning herring; it was examined by 
Mr. R.S. Clark, with the assistance of Mr. E. Ford and Mr. F. M. Gossen. 
Sample II. 
This sample of 32 fish from a total catch of from 250 to 300 was taken 
on December 9, 1914, from drift nets moored in Cawsand Bay. The fish 
were in excellent condition and were weighed and measured during the 
morning of December 9. 
In this sample two additional characters to those recommended by the 
Board were investigated, namely, (a) the position of the posterior border 
of the maxiila in relation to the position of the eye, and (b) the number of 
pyloric ceca. The former necessitated two additional measurements, 
which were numbered “la” and “1b.” la is the shortest distance 
between a line tangent to the posterior border of the maxilla taken at 
right angles to the long axis of the fish, and a line tangent to the tip of the 
lower jaw at right angles to the long axis of the fish. 
1b is the shortest distance between a tangent to the posterior border of 
the orbit taken at right angles to the long axis of the fish, and a similar 
tangent to the tip of the lower jaw. 
To obtain the number of pyloric ceca the gut of each fish was taken out 
and preserved with a label attached bearing the same serial number as 
the fish. 
The number of fin rays is given in each case as a total, but during the 
examination of the fin rays it was observed that an attempt might be 
