G M. MATSl'.MUUA. 



Eggs,— They ai-e placed just under a siuall twig where the rain does 

 not stril^e directly, protected safely by a white silken web. The eggs 

 under that cover are about 20 in namber ; oblong in shape both ends 

 being a little narrower ; very flat ; Ijlack in colour ; .7mm. x .4mm. in 

 size and hyber/iatiiig through the winter in this state. 



Larva ; — They hatch in early June, just at the time when the pear 

 attains the si/e of a cherry, at first spining Jiiuch silken thread on the 

 branches and then making their way to different fruits near by. Injured 

 fruits almost always attach silken threads just at the place of branch 

 where a fruit stalk hanged. At first whitish in colour with black head 

 and black first segment, the larvae gradually change in colour to grayish 

 yellow ; and when fully mature, they take a jnnkish brown colour, and 

 measuring about '20mm. in length. They are spindle shaped in general 

 and consisting of 12 segments, of which the Otb, the 7th and the 8th are 

 the largest ; head brownish black ; the upper part of the second segment 

 with 2 pitchy black horny spots ; legs show nothing unusual. 



They only injure the core of pears and as they leave always a large 

 blackish opening at their entrance, it is easy to detect their presence. 

 The larval stage lasts 3 weeks or more ; the insects I cultured have 

 made cocoons on the 30th of June. Food plant only pear. 



Piqja ; — It always .changes to pupa within the core of the fruit 

 spining very little silk ; it is deep red brown in colour, head, thorax and 

 wing portion being much more so ; it measures I3mm. — I5mm. in 

 length ; pupal stage is more than 2 weeks. 



Preventive method ; — The most effectual preventive method is to 

 take off the eggs during winter months, as they are easily recognizable 

 by their whity web cover at the branches. For this purpose pruning is 

 indispensable, eggs being almost always on the top of the branches, and 

 when pruned they must be immediately burnt up ; the remaining 

 branches must carefully searched for. The eggs are always placed near 

 the hybernating nest of the pear leaf roller, Ehodophasa hollandella. Bag. 

 Kelosene emulsion is very beneficial after pruning as well as i]i early 

 June, namely the time of larviB hatching, for it kills at the same time 

 the larva) of leaf roller. 



