304 EXAMINATION OF THE PRESENT STATE 
apprentice; his duties are by no means confined to trimming coal, 
and he receives his share of the “ stocker,”’ besides many attentions 
from the superior members of the crew, with which he would pro- 
bably be glad to dispense. Line-fishermen, besides their regular 
pay, receive a certain sum per head of fish, but this is not the case 
with trawlers. In all cases the owner finds everything ir connection 
with the equipment of the vessel, and provides a steward or cook, 
who is paid a fixed wage. The remainder of the crew are paid 
weekly wages, and are supphed with food by the owners. 
The skipper of a steam codman receives 9 per cent. of the “ clear 
money.’ The mate gets £1 per week, and 3d. in the pound on the 
clear money ; deck men £1 per week and 2d, in the pound on the 
clear money. ‘The engineers get respectively £2 5s. and £1 15s. 
and their food while at sea, but take no share of the catch. 
Now the conditions of service, which I have endeavoured to sketch, 
obviously involve a social atmosphere very different from that which 
one encounters in the small communities of inshore fishermen. 
The duties of the deep-sea man commence when he goes on 
board his ship; and when he has landed the fish and cleaned the 
vessel his interest in her ceases until she starts on her next trip. In 
consequence his family, if he possess one, takes no sort of share in 
the fishery. Again, the large size of the vessels and gear employed 
in the deep-sea fisheries involves a considerable intricacy in the tech- 
nique of fishing operations, and thus to a great extent the men become 
specialists either in trawling or lining: some adaptive geniuses of 
course there are, but as a rule a man is either a trawler or a liner, 
and not both, and the members of these two branches of the 
profession appear to have surprisingly little intercourse with each 
other. But if there is not much intercourse, neither is there much 
friction, and you shall hear from ten inshore lne-fishermen more 
abuse of trawlers in ten minutes than you shall hear from a 
hundred deep-sea liners in a year. The fact appears to be that the 
social conditions of the larger communities, if not very obviously 
conducive to the higher graces of manners and speech, at any rate 
tend to evolve an independence and self-reliance which are not 
always as evident among the inshore men as they might be. 
It has often been suggested to me by persons well acquainted 
with the district that the conversion, for part of the year, of some of the 
smaller fishing centres into watering-places has had rather a demoralis- 
ing effect on the fishermen. The prospect of being able to make a good 
deal of money by pleasure-boating in the season is said to make the 
men rather careless of the fishing, and it can be well understood that a 
fisher-lad is not likely to attain to great skill in his profession if he 
employs a large part of his time in other pursuits. Indiscriminate 
ce 
