MARINE INVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF PLYMOUTH. 335 



should here be stated concerning the Nemertines of Plymouth^ since 

 they are being specially investigated by Mr. Riches. 



Annelida. — This large group will require considerable time before 

 it can be adequately treated from a faunistic point of view. The 

 dredge is constantly bringing to light the existence of species whose 

 presence has been hitherto unsuspected. The permanent haunts of 

 Gattiola spectahilis have been discovered. Myxicola has been added 

 to our lists. Staurocephalus ruhrovittatus (Grube), a remarkable 

 little Eunicid which has hitherto been found* exclusively, I believe, 

 in the Mediterranean, has been taken on several occasions. Where 

 the bottom is muddy, a species of Chsetozone has been taken in 

 quantity, and Polydora ciliata builds its mud tubes in thousands 

 upon the stones and shells brought up in the dredge. 



The Gephyrea are represented by a small species of Phascolosoma, 

 which is abundant in the crevices of shaly rocks between tide-marks, 

 Phascolion stromhi, and Thalassema Neptuni. 



Phoronis, whose occurrence at Plymouth I recorded some time 

 since, proves to be quite plentiful in certain parts of the Sound, and 

 its beautiful larva has been a feature of the autumn tow-nettings. 



PoLYZOA. — The localities for the different members of this large 

 group are being gradually established. Beyond the fact of the 

 common occurrence of Pedicellina, however, there is nothing that 

 calls for special notice, unless it is that Crisia deniiculata, which 

 Mr. Harmer, in his paper on the British species of Crisia, mentions 

 as having been seldom found at Plymouth, proves to be abundant 

 in the deeper waters a few miles outside the breakwater. 



EcHiNODERMATA. — Antedoii rosacea remains a constant element in 

 the fauna, and its Pentacrinoid larva has been taken in some numbers 

 during the autumn. 



Solaster papposus has been the most plentiful starfish this year ; 

 and, among Ophiuroids, Amphiura elegans, Ophiothrix pentaphijllum, 

 and Ophiocoma nigra. 



Holothuria nigra and Ocnus hrunneus have been taken in quantity. 



MoLLUscA. — Numbers of minute specimens of Solen were fished 

 during June, and showed the early development of the gill-plates in 

 a beautiful manner through their perfectly transparent shells. 



The principal additions to the Gastropod fauna have been in the 

 Opisthobranchiate section, but it may be mentioned that two 

 favourite Vrosohv&nchs, Emarginula reticulata and Phasianella pullus , 

 have been found in quantity, the former inhabiting shell- banks in 

 about seven fathoms of watei', the latter feeding upon filamentous 

 red-brown algee in various parts of the Sound. 



* Grube, I find, records a specimen in his St. Malo list, so that the species is probably 

 not uncommon in the Channel waters. 



NEW SERIES. — VOL. II, NO. IV. 26 



