ABSTRACTS OF MEMOIRS. 517 



fourth meridian. The effect of the melting of the ice showed itself in the 

 decreased surface salinity. 



Current measurements with anchored buoys showed weak and variable 

 currents, and in some places the pack lay in an eddy which was actually 

 moving northwards. 



From the Labrador coast the Scotia proceeded out to the Flemish Cap 

 and then in to Cape Race. On the Banks the surface temperature was 

 as high as 8°, with less than 0° at from 35 to 50 fathoms, while in the deep 

 channel under the land — 0-9° was found at 20 fathoms and — 1-70° at 

 50 fathoms. A buoy was anchored for 26 hours in 100 fathoms off 

 Cape Race, where there is normally a set of about one mile per hour to 

 the south and west ; on this occasion the current was found to be 

 setting slowly northwards. 



The Scotia entered St. John's on July 19th and left again on the 

 homeward voyage on July 24th. A digression was first made for current 

 measurements on the southern part of the Banks. Two complete sets of 

 measurements with the Ekman metre, each lasting about thirteen hours, 

 at 5 fathoms and 25 fathoms, were made in 50° W. at two points about 

 CO miles apart ; the ship was anchored in 30 fathoms in each case. The 

 current was found to be tidal with a slight easterly resultant, which at 

 5 fathoms in 43° 53' N. reached 1-4 miles in the course of a tide ; at the 

 other positions it was less than 0-5 mile. The direction changed regularly 

 through south to west, north, and east. 



The Scotia then proceeded to the Flemish Cap and Cape Farewell. 

 The East Greenland pack, with about three small bergs, was followed 

 from 59° 6' N., 42° 27' W., to 62° 11' N., 39° 42' W. Near the edge of the 

 pack the character of the water changed very rapidly, so that some of 

 the ice was floating in water of nearly 35 salinity, with a temperature of 

 8°. From this point the Scotia turned homewards and reached Dundee 

 on August 24th. 



During the year 1913 the ice was as a whole held up to the northwards 

 of the forty-third parallel, and the Scotia observations make it seem 

 probable that this was due to an easterly set of water from the region 

 oft' the Cabot Straits and the coast of Nova Scotia, which covered the 

 southern half of the Newfoundland Banks. 



The observations were worked up and the report on the hydrographical 

 work written at the Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association, 

 and I wish to express my thanks to the Council and to Dr. Allen for 

 putting apparatus and a table at my disposal for the purpose. 



D. J. M. 



