r8 95 . NOTES AND COMMENTS. 3^7 



" Second Transition : First two-outlet climax. Marked by the 

 Algonquin Beach. (Possible subdivision here for supposed Trent 

 river outlet.) Gradual northward depression continues. First epoch 

 of Niagara Falls closes at the Whirlpool. Epoch of Erigan Fall 

 begins. 



"III. First Lake Algonquin. Outlet eastward over Nipissing 

 pass. 



" Third Transition : Gradual northward depression continues. 

 Nipissing outlet brought down to sea level. Lakes become marine. 



" IV. Warren Gulf (rising stage). Marine waters fill the three 

 upper lakes, the Ontario, St. Lawrence and Winnipeg basins. 



" Fourth Transition : Marine climax. Marked by the Chippewa 

 Beach. Northward depression ceases and gradual elevation begins. 

 Iroquois and Herman marine beaches made at the same time as the 

 Chippewa. This was probably the climax of the post-glacial warm 

 epoch. 



" V. Warren Gulf (falling stage). Gradual northward elevation. 

 Irregular uplifts in the north deforming Chippewa and Algonquin 

 beaches. 



" Fifth Transition : Nipissing outlet raised to sea level. Upper 

 lakes become fresh. 



"VI. Second Lake Algonquin. Outlet eastward over Nipissing 

 pass. Probably a small amount of local uplift at outlet in early 

 stage. 



" Sixth Transition : Second two-outlet climax. Marked by the 

 Nipissing Beach. Epoch of Erigan Fall closes at a point between 

 40 and 80 rods above the cantilever bridge. Second (present) epoch 

 of Niagara Falls begins. 



"VII. Second Niagara lakes (present stage). Lake Superior 

 becomes independent. Great Cham plain uplift at the north-east. 

 Formation of St. Clair delta begins and continues to the present 

 time." 



Primeval Man. 



Last November we published a paper by Professor Rupert 

 Jones on the discovery by Dr. Fritz Noetling of Flint Chips in the 

 Upper Miocene of Burma. Dr. W. T. Blanford writes to our 

 contemporary, Nature, that a letter received by him from Dr. 

 Noetling states that the beds in question have since been definitely 

 ascertained to be Pliocene and not Miocene. This, though it reduces 

 the proved limits of man's antiquity, does not diminish the interest 

 and importance of the discovery. 



Some remarkable finds have recently been made in the loess of 

 Predmost, in Moravia. Carbon, chipped flints, and bones of extinct 

 animals were previously known, but it was not till May, 1894, tnat 

 Mr. K. J. Maska, a well-known Czech archaeologist, found remains 

 definitely human. His researches have since been rewarded by the 



