1898] NOTES AND COMMENTS 301 
forms of Bacillaria, Rhizopoda and Foraminifera of these different 
localities and we find them essentially the same in all. We have 
also to compare the forms of Bacillaria, Rhizopoda and Foraminifera 
of the soundings in the Pacitic and Atlantic oceans and we find 
them the same. Can we not say that the strata are the same in 
composition chemically and the same in organic forms ?” 
“JT think they are. And can we separate the Neocene from the 
recent soundings in any respect? I do not think so.... We 
cannot distinguish Neocene Bacillaria, Rhizopoda or Foraminifera 
from recent which are living now. Although the strata in New 
Zealand have been placed in the Cretaceous, and at Simbirsk in the 
lower Eocene, we must expect to see them bearing like forms to the 
recent, and which live more on the bottom of the ocean and are in 
every inlet along the coast.” Much of this has been said before, 
but it will well bear repetition. 
A TipAL CRANNOG AT DUMBARTON 
AN undoubted crannog of a remarkable type was found recently by 
the well-known archaeologist, Mr W. A. Donnelly. It is the first 
of such structures found in tidal waters. The discovery has been 
inspected by Drs Anderson and Munro, and the latter after making 
a thorough investigation of the site, declared that “it was the most 
curious, puzzling, and interesting find of the kind he had met with 
in all his long experience, and, so far as he knew, unique.” Mr 
H. J. Dukinfield Astley, who communicated this find to the 
Athenaeum (Sept. 10), says that Mr Donnelly, with the help of the 
Helensburgh Naturalist and Antiquarian Society, has thoroughly 
investigated the spot with a rich reward. The crannog is 1000 
yards east of the Castle Rock of Dumbarton, and about 2000 yards 
from Dunglass Castle, below high-water mark, and about 50 yards 
from the river at low tide; when the tide is in it is submerged from 
3-12 feet. The approach is from the north. The circuit of the 
crannog is 184 feet. The piles in the outer circle are of oak, which 
below the mud surface is still quite fresh; the transverse beams 
and pavements inside are of wood of the consistency of cheese— 
these are of willow, alder, and oak; the smaller branches are of fir, 
birch, and hazel, with bracken, moss, and chips. The stones in the 
outer circle and along the causeway leading to the dwelling-place 
seem to be placed in a methodical order, most of the boulders being 
about a lift for a man. ‘The refuse-mound extends for about 12 
feet outside for the greater part of the circuit, and in this the flint 
and bone implements have been chiefly discovered, while near the 
crannog itself a canoe, 37 feet long and 40 inches beam, dry ends 
of an oak tree, was also found. 
As regards its construction—of stones, wooden piles and pave- 
