352 NATURAL SCIENCE [November 
gested that (1) Le Moustier cave is characteristic of the oldest stage 
of the prehistoric occupancy in this region ; then (2) the deposits of 
Solutré ; (3) the Aurignac cave ; and (+) that of La Madelaine. 
Modifications of this chronological classification have been sug- 
gested ; but, as planned by Mr G. de Mortillet, it has been useful to 
the Archaeologists of Western Europe in describing their work and 
grouping their materials. He followed this system in his steady 
endeavour to advance the progress of his favourite science by organis- 
ing Congresses of Prehistoric Anthropology and Archaeology, arrang- 
ing and superintending the Museum of Antiquities at St Germain 
(1868), and helping to found the Anthropological School at Paris 
(1875), of which he became professor. 
Among his many writings in the “ Matériaux pour l’Histoire,” &c., 
and elsewhere, whether explicit or suggestive, we may refer to his 
“Ta signe de la Croix avant le Christianisme ” (1866) and “Origine 
de la Navigation et de Ja Péche” (1867): both full of useful informa- 
tion in a clear and carefully ordinate form. His studies of mollusca, 
the geology of Savoy, the pottery of Allobroges, as well as many con- 
tributions on prehistoric peoples and conditions in the periodicals of 
the day bear witness to his earnest work in his patriotic exposition of 
the history of those who were the early inhabitants of his beloved 
France. 
He was born in 1821 at Meylan, and educated at Chambery and 
Paris. He left France in 1849 to escape imprisonment for a socialistic 
publication, retiring to Savoy and Switzerland, where he arranged the 
museums of Annecy and Geneva. In 1856 he took scientific work in 
Italy ; in 1864 he returned to Paris, and took up anthropological 
studies as detailed above. 
JaMEs Harpy, of Cockburnspath, died in October, aged eighty-four. 
Dr Hardy was a student of Edinburgh University, and became con- 
nected with the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Field Club in 1839, in 
which year he first contributed to the Proceedings. He had been 
secretary for many years to the Club, and as his knowledge was 
encyclopaedic, north-country zoology and folk-lore have sustained a 
great loss. 
Among others whose deaths have been recently announced are :—Prof. RuDOLPH 
Apamy, director of the ethnographical collection at the Hesse State Museum, Darm- 
stadt, on January 14, aged 48; Prof. ANDREAS ARZRUNI, the well-known mineralo- 
gist and chemist, in October ; James BEHRENS, the lepidopterologist, at San José, Cal., 
on March 6, aged 74 ; Eucento Berront, director of the Brescia Fisheries Station, on 
August 5, aged 53; Dr ArNotp Grar, the morphologist, at Boston, on September 3, 
aged 30; C. J. H. Gravennorst, editor of the Deutschen Ilustrirten Bienenzeitung , 
at Wilsnack, on August 24, aged 75; Hersert Lyon Jones, professor of biology at 
Oberlin College, at Granville, Ohio, August 27, aged 32; Prof. BronisLaus Kotv.a, 
the plant-geographer, by an avalanche near Frafoi, on August 19; Dr JosepH A. Lixt- 
NER, the State entomologist of New York, at Albany, on May 5; Dietrich NASSE, 
professor of surgery at Berlin University, at Pontresina, on September 1, aged 38; 
Roman ORIOL, professor of mining at the Academy of Mines, Madrid, and editor of the 
Revista Miniera ; JoHNsoN PeEtrTIT, the entomologist, at Grimsby, Canada, on Feb- 
ruary 18 ; Dr H. PriscHoupr, the geologist and palaeontologist, formerly of the Real- 
gymnasium of Meiningen, recently, by suicide; Dr GrampaTrisTa VALENZA, the 
zoologist, at Pantelleria, on June 15 ; José VILLALONGA, the ironmaster, at Bilbao ; Dr 
JAN DE WINDT, the geologist, drowned in Lake Tanganyika, on August 9, aged 22. 
