42 NATURAL SCIENCE [Suny 
connect the people who left the Hastings “ Kitchen Middens” with 
those of the Baltic; still a great deal of work remains undone on 
both sides of the North Sea. The flora and fauna of the two 
countries are too dissimilar for exact comparison; but the imple- 
ments in the two cases are practically quite unlike. Many of the 
habits of both peoples were, and are, the common property of all 
savages, or semi-savages, living under similar conditions ; but beyond 
this I do not feel we can go safely, and I am therefore, from other 
evidence, disposed to regard the Hastings Midden men as quite a 
different race from those of the Baltic, and recognise their closer 
relationship with the race who made the identical curious little 
implements in the Valley of the Meuse and other places. 
We will next take a survey of some of the features presented by 
the Hastings ‘‘ Kitchen Middens,” and note some of the points raised 
by them, and the contained materials. For fuller description of 
these on some points, to prevent repetition, the reader is referred to 
the paper in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. xxv., 
plates x.-xill. 
Hastings has always been celebrated for its picturesque rock- 
ledges, caves, and fissures, which exist on both sides of the old 
town; but few, if any, ever realize the antiquity of some of these, 
dating back as they do to the very earliest history of the weald, and 
will, doubtless, some day reveal to us our lost Miocene World. 
There can be no doubt that the celebrated St Clement’s Caves or 
fissures originated in the great Earth movements above referred to: 
that they were inhabited in later Paleolithic times, and were 
enlarged by ambidextrous Stone Age man, and still more extensively 
excavated by right-handed Iron Age man, as shown by the pick 
marks still extant. I have found fragments of Neolithic pottery in 
them, and although much of their contents, dating back to the earlier 
occupations, may have been cleared away by Iron Age man, I still 
think they would well repay a thorough investigation. To what 
extent they were used by the Midden men it is difficult to say at 
present; but, so far as research has gone, it appears that the fissures 
nearer the sea were used more by way of shelter, and it is the rock- 
ledges outside these upon which the relics of the life of the time have 
been preserved. Plate V. shows the general appearance of these 
fissured and cavernous rocks; the accumulation of Midden material 
upon one of the ledges is seen in the front, as shown during the 
excavations. These projecting surfaces exist at all altitudes up to, 
say, 120 ft.; here were enacted all the dramas of domestic life, 
hither were brought the trophy of the chase, the captures from the 
sea, and the gatherings from the shore; to this resort were taken the 
pebbles from the beach, and here they were worked into the various 
forms and implements that man required for his increasing needs: 
