1897) PRIMEVAL REFUSE HEAPS AT HASTINGS 43 
here he lit his fire, heated his pot or roasted the pony or deer he 
had captured in the chase; here he changed his broken flint tip 
snapped in the chase, replaced it by a new one, and threw the 
broken butt end upon the Midden. Here he also sat and split his 
marrow bones, and feasted right royally upon the contained luscious 
grease; and here he piled up his refuse heaps of everything with 
which he for the time being had done. 
It is difficult to say which are the most interesting, the fauna of 
the period, the relics of which have been stored up in these old 
heaps, or the fossils of man’s civilization in, the form of flint and 
bone implements, pottery, etc. We will take the latter first, as 
belonging to the highest of the mammals represented. 
THE WORKED FLINTS. 
Being away from the chalk, the supply of flint had to be drawn 
from the pebbles on the sea shore. These were taken up to the 
settlement, and in several places heaps of these were found: they 
were sometimes ‘ quartered’ when flat flakes were required, at 
others they were flaked into long narrow flakes, which required but 
little, if anything, done to them to make them fit for use. The 
almost absence of the ordinary more or less circular-edged skin- 
scraper—the commonest of all Neolithic implements—is very 
remarkable ; but some spatulate forms were found, several of which 
were tanged for hafting. There were no large axes or adzes found, 
nor even the small triangular form, which exist in such profusion in 
the Danish Kitchen Middens, and no flint bore the slightest trace 
of polishing. One of the most remarkable and interesting features 
of the flints was the variety of forms of the chisels, gouges, and 
gravers, the cutting edges being always well worked, and either 
rounded or rectangular, turning now to the left and now to the 
right. A peculiar feature which strikes one in connection with 
these is, that they differ entirely from the majority of flint tools one 
sees in museums, in which is shown the expenditure of extensive 
trouble and work to bring the implement into an orthodox shape, 
although the cutting or operating edge is confined to an exceedingly 
small spot, and is entirely independent of the elaborate work of the 
other part of the implement. In these, on the other hand, it is just 
a simple flake, which is usually untouched, except at the point, 
where it is worked in a straight or oblique inward or outward curve 
or line; occasionally they are large, but not very often. With 
such a variety of carving tools in the possession of these old people, 
one is disposed to feel disappointed at finding so little evidence of the 
practice of carving. Still, it must be borne in mind that the 
Kitchen Middens after all were only waste heaps, and nothing of 
any value would be likely to be found in them, except an occa- 
