64 NATURAL SCIENCE [JuLy 
Born at Breslau sixty-five years ago, Sachs studied in the German 
University of Prague, and in 1851 became assistant to Purkinje. In 
1856 he was appointed Privatdocent for Plant Physiology in the same 
University. In 1861 he was called to the Chair of Botany in the 
Agricultural Academy of Poppelsdorf; six years later he removed to 
Freiburg ; and finally in 1868 he obtained the Professorship of Botany 
at Wiirzburg, which he held until his death. 
Sachs was a hard worker and a voluminous author. The Royal 
Society’s catalogue enumerates 92 papers up to 1883 only. The first, 
on the crayfish, appeared in Ziva, a periodical printed in Bohemian, 
and published at Prague. If we turn over the numbers of Ziva for a 
few years from 1853 onward, the great energy of the man and the bent 
of his mind towards the morphology and physiology of plants is evi- 
dent. Among the excellent figures which accompany the text and 
which alone appeal to most of us, we see the originals of many which 
have since become classical. Besides his Text- book of Botany, the Clar- 
endon Press has put two other of Sachs’ useful works within the reach 
of all English-speaking students—the “ Lectures on the Physiology of 
Plants,” ‘translated by Prof. Marshall Ward, and the “ History of 
Botany.” Some idea of the amount of his work may be gained from 
the size of the collected contributions to plant physiology, published 
in 1892-3, which form a book.of more than 1200 pages, large octavo. 
The relation of temperature and light to the living plants, chlorophyll 
and assimilation, the measurement of water through the tissues, and 
the transport of food-material, are the very wide headings under which 
his work in this branch is erouped, Besides his numerous papers in 
the Botanische Zeitung, Flora, and many other German periodicals, 
Sachs founded and edited the Arbeiten des Botanischen Instituts in 
Wirzburg, the first volume of which appeared in 1874, and the third 
and last in 1888. They represent mainly his own work or that of his 
pupils, many of whom have since become well known as investigators 
and teachers. 
FRITZ MUELLER 
Born 1822. Diep May 21, 1897 
THIS eminent helminthologist, carcinologist, and field-naturalist died 
last month at his residence in Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil. 
His earliest contributions to science appeared in Wiegmann’s Archiv 
fur Naturgeschichte in 1844, and were written under the Christian 
nae of Friedrich. Later on he appeared as Fritz, again as Friedrich, 
and in more recent publications as Frederic anges 
which have confused not a few librarians. So ee as his contributions 
to periodical literature are concerned, the list in the Royal Society’s 
catalogue is correct, and in the tenth volume of that work we read 
that Miiller’s full name was Johann Friedrich Theodor Miiller. 
The latter, no doubt, was information received from himself, but 
Miller does not mention this fact in a sketch of his life in his own 
hand that lies before us. He was a voluminous and steady worker, 
but his chief claim to remembrance is his book, “ Fiir Darwin,” which 
was a first-class contribution to the subject of Natural Selection, and 
was translated into English as “ Facts and Arguments for Darwin,” 
by the late W. 8. Dallas. C. Da: 
