90 NATURAL SCIENCE [August 
questions in Boston and Cambridge, U.S.A., and the following is a 
brief abstract of the arguments employed in the lecture referred 
to, lately delivered in these two cities. 
(1) Men and women, like the males and females of most 
animals, show by their organisation that they have been evolved 
from a type in which both sexes were combined in the same 
individual. The separation of the sexes did not destroy this dual 
nature, as is demonstrated by the development of secondary male 
characters in the old age of many species of animals and of women 
in extreme age, and of feminine characters in aged men. This 
opinion can also be supported by the structure of the tissue cells in 
the body, the nuclei of which are made up of paternal and maternal 
parts. This dual structure enables us to understand the fact that 
secondary sexual characters are latent in both males and females, and 
lable to make their appearance after the reproductive period is 
passed through, or before this time and prematurely in abnormal 
individuals, or perhaps under certain conditions of habit or sur- 
roundings. 
The maternal (in larger degree or wholly feminine) an of the 
nuclei are certainly prepotent during the entire reproductive or 
adult stage of growth, and their eonstant employment in the 
performance of feminine functions prevents the development of 
latent male characters. During this time the paternal (in larger 
degree or wholly male) parts of the nuclei have remained inert and 
may be supposed to be still capable of multiplying by division and 
producing extra growths, thus even in old age building up secondary 
male characters, such as the comb, wattles, etc., in some birds, or 
giving rise to secondary male characteristics in old women. This 
may also take place prematurely through suppression of the natural 
functions, either by change of habits or by surgical or other 
artificial operations. These statements apply equally well to men, 
and some of the most remarkable examples are to be found in this 
sex, but the dangers of feminisation to the men, although possibly 
greater than we now suppose, do not seem at least to be so im- 
portant or threatening as those that lie in the possible future of the 
women. These are striking out into new paths, and are being 
helped by men who are equally ignorant with themselves of the 
nature of their own organisation and of the possible dangers to their 
race of the success of their efforts. 
(2) In the early history of mankind the women and men led 
lives more nearly alike and were consequently more alike physically 
and mentally, than they have become subsequently in the history of 
highly civilised peoples. This divergence of the sexes is a marked 
characteristic of progression among highly civilised races. Co- 
education of the sexes, occupations of certain kinds, and woman 
