1397] PRIMEVAL REFUSE HEAPS AT HASTINGS 95 
are sometimes thirty acres in extent, but more frequently are not 
more than a hundred yards square. 
THE WORKED BONES 
One or two of the fragments of bone showed signs of carving. 
One was a well-made stiletto; another a portion of a needle. A 
third specimen was probably a potter’s tool, as by its use the marks 
seen round the rim of the pots could have been readily made. The 
most interesting circumstance connected with the bones was, that in 
two cases the flint wedges were found in si¢w in the bones, as they 
were used for splitting them. One of these is shown in Plate VL., 
left lower figure. The whole of the marrow bones were thus split 
up for marrow, and the skulls for the brains; and even bones 
which contain no marrow were often similarly reduced, possibly for 
either boiling to extract grease or for use in making bone tools. 
Several other flint wedges similar to the above illustration were 
also found; and numerous bones showed deep cuts connected with 
the death of the animals, or those that were made in cutting up 
the trophy of the chase. 
THE POTTERY 
The pottery of the refuse heaps is of special interest, as it 
represents probably the oldest domestic utensils with which we are 
acquainted. Canon Greenwell has called attention to the fact that 
most of our Neolithic pottery is funereal or associated with burials: 
it is always of well-known special types, and none of these were 
found at Hastings. Some of the pottery here was made from a 
black, coarse, gritty, carbonaceous clay fairly well baked; some was 
better burnt and quite red. The majority of the vessels are of one 
of these kinds. There was a much coarser kind of a deep red 
colour, apparently composed of coarsely pounded flint, quartz, and 
clay-iron-stone ; from this large utensils were made, and these were 
often ? of an inch thick. The vessels were for the most part of two 
types—the cauldron and the dish; they were all hand-made, none 
showing a sign of the use of the wheel. The cauldrons were very 
like the modern tar-kettle, with a flat bottom and no feet, the 
reflected rim-flange reaching out nearly as far as the widest part of 
the vessel. Several of these which I have restored give the 
following measurements :—Height, 9 cm.; widest part of rim, 16 
em.; widest part of body, 17 cm.; bottom slightly convex outwards, 
13 cm. Another gives in the same directions 12, 20, 22, and 16 
em. respectively. A flat dish gave height, 3°5 cm.; width of rim, 
23 cm.; width of flat bottom, 18 cm. Two fragments of rims 
showed decoration upon their upper edges. The first consisted of 
