96 NATURAL SCIENCE [August 
circular hollows, such as could have been made by the flat round- 
pointed bone tool, about 11 cm. long, found in the Middens; and 
the other was a crescent and line marking, such as could have been 
made by a plano-convex tool with a straight edge. Usually the 
upper edges of the rims were rounded; in the flat vessels they 
were not always reflected outwards ; and now and then an attempt 
was made to thicken the top edge into a bead, although the thumb 
only allowed of very poor success. 
THE ANIMAL REMAINS 
We next come to the animal remains found in the Middens, 
which, for many reasons, are extremely interesting. In practically 
all cases the marrow bones were spht for the contained grease ; they 
indicate an unaccountable number of young animals. Many of the 
bones are also minus their spongy ends or have lost their epiphyses, 
and some show the marks of teeth. The following are some extracts 
from my notes upon the species represented :— 
Bos longifrons (Celtic shorthorn).—Large limb bones were very 
rare, and those discovered were all split for the marrow. Most of 
the bones are young without epiphyses, and indicate small animals ; 
two or three bones and fragments, however, are large and robust 
enough for B. primigenius. The toe bones are all small. The horns 
are small, short, and slightly curved, the longest measuring eight 
inches along the outside and seven inches girth ; most of the horns 
must have measured about five inches along the outside curve. In 
eight cases the ends have been gnawed away. Vertebre and all 
irregular bones were very: numerous. Jaws were always broken 
into fragments, none carrying more than four teeth. Loose teeth 
were fairly numerous, some of which were very much worn. 
Sus scrofa (pig).—Parts of all bones were present, and all 
marrow bones split. Nearly half have lost their articulating 
surfaces, and only part of them show teeth marks. One bone 
shows the marks of more spatulate teeth, which may have been 
human. All the bones are young, few with epiphyses anchylosed. 
Two or three of the latter were found not to be gnawed. One 
radius is exceptionally stout; otherwise the bones in general are 
quite small, many being not more than one-third grown. Pieces 
of head are numerous; some of the jaws appear rather heavy, 
and the longest canine measures five inches in length. Pigs’ bones 
were often burnt. 
Equus caballus (horse).—There were about twenty bones of 
horses, chiefly leg and toe bones, one piece of jaw and three odd 
teeth, all pointing to small or very small animals: they appear 
