1897) PRIMEVAL REFUSE HEAPS AT HASTINGS 97 
to have been mere ponies. The limb bones are split for marrow, 
and two pieces are burnt, though none show traces of gnawing. 
Ovis aries (sheep).—All the bones of the sheep were found, and, 
with two or three exceptions, they point to very small animals. 
They were exceedingly numerous, about as much so as either pig or 
ox. All the humeri are broken off short; all the radii are split, as 
are also some of the metacarpals and metatarsals. The bones of 
this genus are extremely perplexing, as they differ both in detail 
and proportions from any of the modern sheep with which I have 
been able to compare them: nearly all of them belong to a small 
long-legged variety, sometimes even approaching a small deer. One 
or two bones point to an animal just as much the other way, being 
altogether stouter than anything I am able to find. 
Capra hircus (goat).—There are a few bones and a fragment of a 
skull with horn core, which Mr E. T. Newton has identified as goat. 
Capreolus caprea (roebuck).—About the same number has been 
referred to roe deer. 
Canis familiaris (dog).—Two tibiae represent a dog of very 
large proportions, almost stout enough for wolf; and some half 
dozen other bones point to one of full medium size. 
Canis lupus (wolf)—One or two bones have been assigned to 
the wolf. 
Felis catus (cat).—There are some half dozen bones belonging to 
this species which are of large size, and one tibia has lost its soft 
end, although it shows no teeth marks. 
Canis vulpes (fox).—Several bones unquestionably belong to the 
fox. 
Lepus timidus and L. cuniculus (hare and rabbit).—Both of 
these species are represented by few bones. The former was not 
very large. 
Meles taxus (badger).—This species is represented by an ulna; 
it agrees well with a fine specimen I have from the Thames Pleis- 
tocene brick earth, although perhaps hardly so robust. 
Birds.——When we come to the birds, I regret to say that our 
public museums are still so deficient in skeletons for comparison 
that the determinations are not all quite so satisfactory as could be 
wished. A larger series for comparison may add several species to 
the list or perhaps otherwise alter it. Of course there is always the 
difficulty of being able to say how much variation from the present 
examples one ought to allow, and this can only be decided more 
correctly when we have much more modern material in our museums. 
Mr Newton has identified the following :—Black and red grouse, a 
species of duck, guillemot and carrion crow. 
Fishes.—These include cod in very large quantities, gurnard, 
mackerel, whiting, Cottus, turbot, plaice, and thornback (Raja). 
