98 NATURAL SCIENCE [August 
The Batrachia are represented by the frog or toad. 
Mollusca.—tThese offer several points of interest. The first to 
claim attention is a number of very large Helix aspersa, which are 
represented both by whole and broken shells. These were found 
under about three feet of midden material, and I have no doubt they 
were eaten by man. Jittorina littorea, in point of numbers, stands 
first, and the shells are also of very large size. The limpet (Patella 
vulgata) occurs next in quantity, and is represented by two or three 
varieties. Cardium echinatum is fairly represented, but C. edule 
was not met with. The whelk (Buceinum undatum) is plentiful, 
but Zrophon was always absent. Purpura lapillus is represented by 
a score or more shells, but whether eaten or employed for their 
purple juice it would be difficult to say. One piece of bone recovered 
was of a purple colour, suggestive-of having been dyed, although it 
is highly improbable that the stain would have lasted so long. 
Most of the oysters (Ostrea edulis) are of medium size, suggestive of 
shallow water; but here and there some were very large, and may 
have spent the greater part of their time in deep waters. The 
mussel (Mytilus edulis) often occurred in large masses, although the 
shells were always badly preserved. Natica, Pholas and Mactra are 
represented by a single specimen each. 
CONCLUSION 
With this amount of material we are able to restore a fairly 
satisfactory picture of the men who left the Refuse Heaps at the 
mouth of the Hastings caves. It is certain that they lived largely 
upon fish, both those which could be obtained between tide marks 
and those which would require the use of boats of some sort and the 
employment of the hook and line; although the spear in the hands 
of dexterous people, perched upon the rock masses which strew this 
coast, might have been the favourite instrument. We have no evi- 
dence that they knew anything about the use of metal; but they 
were exceptionally skilful fabricators of flints, which they worked 
in a manner essentially their own, of such diminutive sizes as to 
suggest that the delicate little instruments were largely employed 
for fish hooks. The absence of battle axes and all other heavy 
tools would point to their not being much employed in wars or agri- 
cultural pursuits. No cereals of any kind were found, and no 
querns or large mealers; although leaves and twigs were often pre- 
served. They knew the use of fire, which they lit upon hearths, and 
kept them going until they had baked the underlying ground for 
seven or eight inches. They also employed cooking stones, or “ pot 
boilers” as they are sometimes called. Their pottery, although 
coarse, was fairly well modelled considering there is no sign of the 
