110 NATURAL SCIENCE [February 



in frozen gravel produced the chipping on the edges of the plateau 

 flints, we must all, I think, agree that those blind, natural forces 

 show marked intelligence in (1) producing parallel flaking; (2) 

 making tools similar to neolithic ■ needle-makers and other hollow 

 scrapers ; (3) squared scrapers of flint (and of other materials), such 

 as carpenters and tanners use ; (4) flints worked on both sides of 

 a point in opposite directions, so as to simulate the action of a 

 modern steel engineer's bit ; and (5) dress the stone in such a way 

 that they performed these functions in the Ijest manner and wore 

 the largest possible time. No wonder that most of us still spell 

 these " intelligent, blind forces " of ice-pressure in a simpler and 

 more exact way in three letters — viz., MAN. 



K. ASHINGTON BULLEN. 



LIST OF SPECIMENS FIGURED (Plates IV.-VII.). 



[iV=ncolith ; D = derived] 



Hammers 



1. Bower Lane, Kent, above 400 ft. contour. 



2. Mautort, near Abbeville. 



3. Halstead, Kent, 500 ft. contour. 



4. AVell Hill, Kent, 500 ft. do. 



5. Bat's Corner Pit, 600 ft. 



6. Castle Farm, Shoreliam, Kent (N). 



Drills or rimers 



7. Shepherd's Barn, Shoreliam, 500 ft. contour. 



8. Preston Hill, Do., do. 



9. Cockerhurst, Do., do. 



10. Aylesford, Kent (D). 



11. Otford Gravel Pit, Kent (D). 



12. Walton Heath, Surrey (N). 



13. Cockerhurst, Kent (N). 



14. Lemsford Vicarage, Herts (N). 



Squared skin-scrapers 



15. Shepherd's Barn, Shoreham, Kent, 500 ft. contour. 



16. Bat's Corner Pit, Do., 600 ft. do. 



17. Cockerhurst, Do., 450 ft. do. 



Early form of spear 



18. Sepham Heath, Shoreham, Kent, 600 ft. contour. 



19. Broom Ballast Hole, Devon (D). 



20. Preston Farm, Shoreham, Kent (N). 

 44. Chert Palaeolith, Broom, Devon. 



Round (convex) scrapers 



21. Wells, Norfolk (D) ; railway metalled with gravel from deep cutting. 



22. Stockham Wood, Shoreham, Kent, 600 ft. contour. 



23. Cockerhurst, Do., 450 ft. do. 



24. Stockham Wood, Do., (N). 



25. Oare Common, Dorset (N). ' 



