1895- RESULTS OF "CHALLENGER" EXPEDITION. 53 



than one reason, remarkable. No one of the naturalists accom- 

 panying the expedition was a specialist in this subject. It is not one 

 which excites any very general interest in this country. Its import- 

 ance in the field of faunistic discovery was, perhaps, little foreseen. 

 The extent of the collected material embraced within its province was 

 not readily to be appreciated by any but those who had been engaged 

 in collecting it. One ambitious and eminent worker volunteered to 

 describe the whole, unweeting, that in many years of toil and moil, 

 not without storm and stress, he should scarcely accomplish his 

 allotted part. In truth, it was not wholly unreasonable to suppose 

 that the Crustacea of the Expedition would, collectively, form a 

 manageable group in the hands of a veteran expert. For, primarily, 

 the voyage was made with the object of exploring the depths of the 

 sea, whereas crustaceans are more at home in the shallows. Writing 

 on the Ostracoda, Dr. Brady says, " The work of the ' Challenger ' 

 gave us no collections whatever from between tide-marks, nor from 

 the laminarian zone, and these two zones usually swarm with micro- 

 scopic life." Similarly, of another group. Dr. Hoek says, " As the 

 exploration of the coasts of islands and continents was of secondary 

 importance during the cruise of H.M.S. ' Challenger,' we need not 

 wonder that the Cirripedia of these regions are badly represented in 

 the collections made during the voyage. Only occasionally were 

 specimens collected in the neighbourhood of the coasts." The Stoma- 

 topoda, as Professor Brooks observes, are restricted to shallow waters, 

 or to waters comparatively shallow. Of the Anomura, Dr. Henderson 

 remarks, that in the collection a few of the shallow-water groups are 

 but poorly represented, "while many well-known and widely-distri- 

 buted species are conspicuous by their absence." Above all, perhaps, 

 it might be said of the Isopoda and Amphipoda, that they were out of 

 the direct line of investigation, since so many of them frequent the 

 land and fresh-water streams and lakes, burrow in the sand and mud 

 of the shore, hide away in seaweed, under stones, in the crannies of 

 rocks and rock-pools, in estuaries, in inconsiderable depths of the 

 open sea, or in the narrow strips of shore rarely uncovered at the 

 lowest ebb of a spring-tide. Yet, in both these groups, our knowledge 

 has been wonderfully enriched by the " Challenger " collections. 



Only at Kerguelen do the conditions of research seem to have 

 been made decidedly favourable to the gathering of Crustacea, and the 

 results obtained from that melancholy island were really surprising. 

 For here, in a stay of twenty days, were found three new species of 

 Schizopoda, five of Cumacea, seventeen of Isopoda, thirty-seven of 

 Amphipoda, four of Copepoda, and nineteen of Ostracoda. Sixteen 

 new genera were required for these accessions to the fauna of 

 Kerguelen. Heard Island, not far off, yielded several other new 

 forms of interest. But in spite of the large and unexpected acquisi- 

 tions from these sullen regions, there is reason to believe that their 

 crustacean fauna is still very imperfectly known. Not all the species 



