1895. THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL STATION. 413 



The water-tower is hexagonal, about 30 feet high, and has at the 

 top an enormous wooden tub with a capacity of 35,000 Utres (7,700 

 gallons). There are two pumps worked by wind-motors, which, in 

 order to catch the wind more easily, are placed about 10 feet above 

 the roof, that is to say, 40 feet from the rock on which the tower 

 stands. The sea-water is pumped up into the cistern and thence 

 distributed all over the laboratory. It happened that while I was at 

 the station there was a day or two of calm, so that the motors did 

 not work, and, to prevent harm to the animals in the aquaria, the 

 pumping had to be kept up by human labour. Such an occurrence is 

 not uncommon in the summer, and it is probable that some safer motor,, 

 such as a petroleum engine of two-horse power, will be substituted at 

 an early date. 



The station has within its grounds two landing stages, one of 

 which projects far into the water, as well as a stone quay where a 

 steamer can lie. 



As already mentioned, the station possesses a rich supply of 

 dredging apparatus, among which may be mentioned nets that can 

 be opened and closed in deep water, and a vertical net after the Kiel 

 model. The fleet of the station consists of two trawlers, to which a 

 new larger one will be added next summer, a smaller sailing boat,, 

 and a little rowing boat. It often happens that material for research 

 is not to be obtained in the neighbourhood of the station, but has to 

 be brought from such distant places as the Vader Islands or Koster. 

 For this purpose the boats of the station are too small, and a strong, 

 full-decked yacht has to be hired. But the limited means of the 

 station often make these expeditions impossible, however desirable 

 they may be. A steam yacht is also greatly needed, especially for 

 studying the movements of the plankton, but this also is prevented by 

 want of means. 



The staff of the station is composed as follows : The Keeper of 

 the Lower Invertebrata at the State Museum is ex officio the Director. 

 In this post Sven Loven was worthily succeeded three years ago by 

 Hjalmar Theel. 



The Overseer takes general charge of the station and its property 

 during the whole year, and, while the station is open, has to see to 

 the boats, pumps, etc., and make himself generally useful. 



The Housekeeper lives all the year round at the dwelling-house, 

 taking care of the furniture and properties of both houses ; and, while 

 the station is in work, she looks after the living-rooms, cooking, and 

 household duties. 



The Dredgers, originally two in number, have now been raised 

 to four. It is their duty to go every day to different parts of the 

 coast to procure the necessary material. Their long training has 

 given them a considerable knowledge of the mode of life, occurrence, 

 and appearance of marine animals. 



The station is, as a rule, only open during the three summer 



