July, i893 ANTARCTICA. 55 



3. Of the Spheniscidae, which are confined to the Southern Hemi- 



sphere, and appear fossil in New Zealand and in Patagonia. 



4. Of the Chionidae, a family of the Charadriidae, confined to the 



Antarctic Islands. 



5. Of the Psittacomorphae, confined chiefly to the Southern Hemi- 



sphere, with a few stragglers in North America and a few 

 groups in India. 



6. Of the Peyisteropodes {pi the Gallinaceae) in Australia and in 



South America. 



7. Of the Ocydromine Rallidae [Aphanapteryx), of Fiilica and 



Notornis, of Frigelupus and Heterolocha, in the New Zealand 

 and the Mascarene regions. 



8. Of Solitaire, Dodo, and Didunculus, in the Mascarene Islands 



and Samoa. 



9. Of the Avocets and the Stilts, in New Zealand, Australia, 



Africa, and South America. 

 10. Of the embryological affinities of the Dendrocolaptine birds 

 of the Neotropical region with the Gymnorhine crows of 

 Australia ; of A rtamus, with Pitta and Grallaria ; of Petr^ca, 

 with the Mniotiltidae ; of the New Zealand Xenicidae, 

 with the Australian and Oriental Pittidae, the Mascarene 

 Philepittidae, and the Neotropical Piprida:., Cotingidae, 

 Tyrannidae — evidence of great weight. 



II. — Among other Vertebrata. 



1 . Of Marsupialia — NototJierium, Diprotodon, Thylacoho, Thylaciniis 



in Australia ; Pyothylacimis, Amphiproviverra in Patagonia. 



2. Of Edentata — In South America, South Africa (Orycteropidae) 



and in India and the Malay Archipelago (Manidae). 

 This distribution of the Edentata may, however, indicate a 

 connection of "Antarctica" with Africa and South America 

 when it was not in connection with Australasia, but when 

 there was a bridge between East Africa and the Oriental 

 Region. 



3. Of Amphibia — Cystognathidae in Australia, Tasmania, and 



South America ; and giant tortoises in Madagascar and the 

 Galapagos Islands. 



4. Of Fresh-water Fishes — the great alliance between those of 



Australia, New Zealand, Chili, Patagonia, and the Falkland 

 Islands ; Haplochitonidae and Galaxiidae and the Dipnoan 

 and Osteoglossid types in South Africa and in South 

 America. 



III. — Among Invertebkata. 



I. Of Pevipatus in South Africa, Australia, South America, with 

 the West Indies. 



