i893. MALTESE AND SICILIAN CAVERNS. 457 



describe the whole skull for the first time. As the result, he is more 

 than ever convinced of the correctness of his opinion, expressed some 

 years ago, that all the dwarf Maltese elephants described by Falconer, 

 Busk, and Adams are merely a stunted race of the typically European 

 Elephas antiquus. He even goes further, and concludes that the latter 

 elephant wandered in Pleistocene times as far south as India, being 

 represented in the Narbada Valley by the so-called E. namadiciis. 



Besides the bones of animals in the new Sicilian cave, which are 

 now described as including remains of such familiar European species 

 as Bos primigenius and Bison pviscus, there are also some traces of man, 

 in the form of rude pottery and stone implements. There is, however, 

 no very clear evidence as yet to indicate man's relationship to the 

 extinct fauna ; and we refrain from quoting Dr. Pohlig's table of the 

 succession of episodes supposed to be proved by the series of deposits 

 he has examined. All these new facts will some day be of great 

 service when the time for broad generalisations as to the recent 

 changes of land and sea in the Mediterranean area is at hand ; at 

 present it seems futile to base speculations on isolated phenomena. 



REFERENCES. 



1. Abela. — Delia Descrittione di Malta, 1647. 



2. Adams, A. L. — Natural History and Archaeology of the Nile Valley and 



]Maltese Islands, 1S70. 



3. . — On Fossil Chelonians from the Ossiferous Caves and 



Fissures of Malta. Quart. Journ. Gcol. Soc, vol. xxii., 1866. 



-On Gigantic Land-Tortoises and a small Fresh-water 



Species from the Ossiferous Caverns of Malta. Ibid., vol. xxxiii., 1877. 



. — On the Dentition and Osteology of the Maltese Fossil 



Elephants, being a Description of Remains discovered by the Author in 



Malta between the years 1S60 and 1866. Trans. Zool. Soc, vol. ix., 1874. 

 Busk, G. — Description of the Remains of three extinct Species of Elephant, 



collected by Captain Spratt, C.B., R.N., in the Ossiferous Cavern of 



Zebbug, in the Island of Malta. Trans. Zool. Soc, vol. vi., 1867. 

 Cooke, J. H.— The Har Dalam Cavern, Malta, and its Fossiliferous Contents, 



with a Report on the Organic Remains, by A. S. Woodward. Proc Roy. 



Soc, 1893. 

 Falconer, H. — Palacontological Memoirs, edited by Murchison. 

 Parker, W. K. — On some Fossil Birds from the Zebbug Cave, Malta. Trans. 



Zool. Soc, vol. vi., 1867. 

 Pohlig, H. — Eine Elephantenhohle Siciliens und der erste Nachweis des 



Cranialdomes von Elephas antiquus. Abhamil. k. bay. Akad. math.-phys, CI., 



vol. xviii., 1S93. 

 Spratt, T. A. B. — On the Bone-caves near Crendi, Zebbug, and Melliha, in 



the Island of Malta. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xxiii., 1867. 



