1894. NATURAL SCIENCE IN JAPAN. 105 



in Tokio. In 1891, however, the graduates numbered one each in 

 Physics, Mathematics, Zoology and Botany; and in 1892 they were 

 one each in Mathematics and Astronomy, two in Physics, and one each 

 in Chemistry, Zoology, Botany and Geology, making eight in all. 

 These numbers are, perhaps, not large ; at the same time they do not 

 compare unfavourably with those of our old-estabUshed Enghsh 

 Universities. Nor should we forget that the more practical Colleges 

 of Medicine, Engineering and Agriculture, offering as they do more 

 lucrative prospects, naturally draw many students away from pure 

 science. 



The researches carried out in the University laboratories have of 

 late years been published in The Journal of the College of Science, 

 Imperial University, Japan, 4to, Tokio. This was started in 1886, as a 

 continuation of the scientific memoirs which had from time to time 

 been pubHshed by the Tokio University, and as the channel through 

 which the world at large might receive Japan's own contributions to 

 the progress of science. The languages permitted in this publica- 

 tion are English, German and French ; but so far, out of 71 papers, 

 only 5 have been written in German and none in French. This 

 is a contrast to the pubhcations of the College of Medicine, which are 

 entirely in German. Of this periodical a yearly volume is issued, con- 

 taining about 368 pages and 30 plates in which the artistic patience 

 and enthusiasm of the Japanese are beautifully displayed. In the 

 earlier numbers of the Journal papers on physical and chemical 

 subjects preponderated ; but of late there has been a welcome 

 increase of zoological papers. As writers of such we find the names 

 of Goto, Hatta, Ijima, Inaba, Ishikawa, Kishinouye, Mitsukuri, Oka, 

 Sasaki and Watase. In botany there are Miyoshi, Tanaka and 

 Okubo ; geological contributions are furnished by Kikuchi, Koto 

 and Sekiya, while Yokoyama is at present the sole palaeontologist. 

 For me to express any opinion on the memoirs contained in these 

 volumes would be presumption ; enough to say that, in the words of 

 the University Calendar, "they have been highly spoken of by 

 various scientific journals of Europe and America, and many learned 

 societies and institutions have expressed their desire for exchange," a 

 desire, it may be added, which the Japanese are most willing to 

 gratify. Of work done by Japanese but published in foreign 

 journals, the names of Ito (Tokutaro), Iwakawa, Oka (Arajiro), 

 Namiye, and Tsuboi, in addition to others already alluded to, are 

 sufficient evidence, and it may be mentioned that, as its assistant 

 professor of Zoology, the new University of Chicago has chosen Mr. 

 S. Watase. 



We pass now to consider the position of Geology in Japan, as 

 exemplified chiefly by the Imperial Geological Survey. 



The first portion of Japan to be examined geologically was the 

 region known as Hokkaido, which includes what we Europeans call 



