1894. NATURAL SCIENCE IN JAPAN. 107 



determined by the palaeontologists and by the Chemical Section, and 

 he himself sets to work to construct a geological map of the surveyed 

 region on the scale of i : 100,000, with the help of the maps already 

 prepared by the Topographical Section. He also constructs hori- 

 zontal sections on either a true or an exaggerated scale. The 

 published geological maps are on two scales, the same as those of the 

 topographical maps. On them the geological formations are shown 

 by different colours, while the positions of marked varieties of special 

 economic substances are represented by conventional signs. Accom- 

 panying each map is an explanatory text, which is written in three 

 chapters, the first dealing with the topographical features, the second 

 describing the geological formations, and the last treating of the 

 economic products; and this text is often illustrated by many profiles, 

 sections and maps. There are also published, in conjunction with 

 the other Sections, bulletins, which contain the results of investi- 

 gations conducted by the Survey. All these are written in 

 Japanese. Up to the beginning of last year 37 sheets out of 97 

 had been geologically surveyed, and twenty-six sheets had been issued 

 of which all but three were accompanied by explanatory texts; 11 

 more sheets were in preparation. Of the five maps of the small scale 

 or Reconnaissance survey, three had been published and two were 

 in preparation. 



Besides this regular series of maps, detailed surveys have been 

 made of coal fields, oil lands and various mines ; of the raw materials 

 of various porcelains ; of the sources of water supply for the towns of 

 Tokio, Sakai and Kumamoto ; of the geological structure of the Bay 

 of Tokio, with a view to the formation of a harbour ; of certain 

 districts shaken or destroyed by landslips or earthquakes ; and lastly 

 of the region devastated by the violent eruption of Bandaisanin 1888. 

 The bulletins explanatory of these are, like the preceding ones, in 

 Japanese. Foreigners, therefore, who wish to learn something of 

 Japanese Geology must refer to Dr. E. Naumann's paper " Ueber 

 den Bau und die Entstehung der japanischen Inseln," two papers by 

 Dr. T. Harada, "Versuch einer geotektonischen Gliederung der 

 japanischen Inseln " and " Die japanischen Inseln," and the 

 Explanatory Text and Geological Sketch of Hokkaido by K. Jimbo, 

 which are both in English. Besides these official publications, the 

 student may refer to papers by J. C. H. Godfrey {Quart. Journ. Geol. 

 Soc, xxxiv. p. 542, 1878), C. Gottsche {Science, i. p. i56, 1883), 

 R. von Drasche {Neues Jahrh. fur Mineral. 1879, pt. i., p. 41), 

 D. Brauns {Memoirs Science Dept., Tokio, no. 4, 1881), H. van 

 Chappelle {Tijdschr. Nedcrl. aardrijkskundig Genootsch., iii. p. 436, 

 1886), H. B. Guppy {Journ. N. China Branch Roy. Asiatic Soc. [2] 

 xvii. p. 25, 1882). It is to be hoped that some day the valuable 

 observations buried in the Survey bulletins will be rendered more 

 accessible, and this will be the case if, as the American Geologist informs 

 us, they are eventually to be translated into German and EngHsh. 



