"i^:- PRIMEVAL MAN. 665 



stable, east of the high road, and looking north ; the horizontal scale 

 is two-and-a-half inches to one mile, the vertical scale half-an-inch 

 to one hundred feet. The figures show the hills (by no means the 

 highest of the district) to be from 581 ft. to 595 ft. above the Ordnance 

 datum, and from 130 ft. to 146 ft. above the nearest dry chalk valley. 

 The Ver rises as a mere drain a mile or more to the south. " B.M." 

 on the Section means " Bench-mark." 



The upper thick black line represents highly tenacious red brown 

 drift clay, which was at one time probably continuous as a flattish 

 stratum over where the dry chalk valleys now exist, and before the 

 valleys were lowered by denudation to their present depth. A similar 

 stratum caps all the hill-tops in the neighbourhood. In this red 

 brown clay, slightly abraded, ochreous, well-made Palaeolithic im- 

 plements and flakes are frequent. Both types of tool occur, pointed 

 and ovate. 



Beneath this stiff clay, Tertiary clay, shown by the dotted tint, 

 occurs. This clay rests directly on the chalk rock, shown by the 

 lower thin undulating line. 



The Tertiary clay is shown in the illustration as divided by a 

 thick black line, this line representing a PalasoUthic land surface, 

 living place, or floor, on Tertiary clay. The clay beneath the 

 black dividing line has never been disturbed, but the clay above 

 the floor line has in very remote times been relaid. 



The section proves that the extensive depression still existing on 

 the hill-top was once a lake on the practically impervious Tertiary 

 clay, and that the men who lived on the old clay surface were not 

 true riverside men, but veritable Palaeolithic lake-side dwellers. 



The stone tools found by me on this ancient living-place were 

 obviously made before the upper mass of water-laid Tertiary clay 

 was deposited, as well as before the time of the deposition of the 

 implementiferous, contorted, deep-brown drift above. The brown 

 drift is, moreover, capped by another ancient drift with abundant 

 black Lower Tertiary pebbles. 



The Palaeolithic implements found on the floor, unlike those from 

 the drift, are never ochreous, as the Tertiary clay both above and below 

 this floor is not an ochreous matrix. The floor is in some places more 

 than twelve feet below the ochreous implementiferous drift above. 

 Whatever age, then, the Tertiary clay tools may be, they must be older 

 than the movements — whatever those movements were — which first tore 

 up and then relaid with water enormous quantities of Tertiary clay, 

 next deeply ploughed the upper tenacious contorted drift into that 

 clay, and, lastly, deposited a second drift on what are now the highest 

 hill-tops near Dunstable. 



A detailed section to a larger scale is shown in Fig. 2. A repre- 

 sents the upper drift with Tertiary pebbles, capped with humus and 

 abundant jet-black lustrous Neolithic implements and flakes. B is 

 tenacious brown drift clay with ochreous Palaeolithic implements. 



