758 NATURAL SCIENCE. dec. 



figures and descriptions by which each family is illustrated. There 

 is still room for almost boundless speculation, and even when we 

 have duly digested Sir John's classical work, we are fain to admit 

 with Klebs that the diversity in form, and its biological significance^ 

 is often still a riddle, though here and there some light has been 

 thrown on its solution. 



A. B. Rendle. 



EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 



N.B. — c indicates a cotyledon. — The numbers in Figs. 8, 9, and 23 indicate 

 the order of development of the leaves. 



— Seedling of Opuntia occidentalis. (Nat. size.) 



— Do. Echinocactiis viridescens. (Nat. size.) Cot. indicates one of the minute 

 cotyledons. 



— Do. Matthiola incana. (Nat. size.) 



— Do. M . bicornis. (Nat. size.) 



— Do. ^schynomene aspera. (x 2.) 



— Do. Indigo/era australis. (Two-thirds nat. size.) C indicates the place 

 from which the cotyledons have dropped. 



— Do. Pnevaria thnnghergiana. (Nat. size.) 



— Do. Ceratocephalus falcatus. (Nat. size.) 



— Do. Ranunculus arvensis. (Half nat. size.) 



— Do. Sapindus inaqualis. (Half nat. size.) S, ^seed containing the 

 cotyledons. 



— Do. Clavkiasp. Showing different stages, (x 2.) 



— Do. Streptocarpus (hybrid). A, B, and C, X 5. D, older seedling, Nat. 



size. F L, first leaf, developed from one of the cotyledons. C, the other 



cotyledon. S L, second leaf. 

 13. — Galium iipiu'ine, germinsition. (x 4) 

 14. — G. sacchai-atum, germina.tion. (x 4.) 

 15. — Pinus rigida, germination, (x 2.) 

 16. — Chenopodium bonus-henricus. (x S.) A, vertical ; B, transverse section of seed ; 



showing cotyledons and radicle. 

 17. — Sycamore {Acer pscudo-platanns). (Nat. size.) Fruit and embryo, showing two 



modes (A and B) of arrangement of the cotyledons. 

 18. — Seedlings of Brassica oleracea. A(x 4) cotyledons still folded; B (x 3), 



cotyledons spread. 

 19. — Section through embryo of Geranium, showing mode of folding of cotyledons. 

 20. — A, longitudinal section of fruit of the lime (Tilia) (x 4) ; Pc, Pericarp ; O T, 



outer ; I T, inner coat of seed ; H, hilum ; Ch, chalaza ; P, endosperm ; 



C, cotyledons ; A O, aborted ovules. B, seedling. (Nat. size.) 



21. — Seedling of Clematis recta. (Nat. size.) 



— Stages in germination oi Schizopctalon walkeri. (x 2^.) 

 — Seedling of Viola tricolor. (Nat. size.) 



— Do. V. palustris. (Nat. size.) 



— Do. Linum monogvmim . (Nat. size.) 



— Do. Oka cuspidata. (Two-thirds nat. size.) 



— Do. Ulex europaus. (Nat. size ) 



— Do. Acacia verticillata. (Half nat. size.) 

 — Pod oi Medicago orbicularis, with seeds germinating, (x 2.) 

 — Germinating seed oi Ardisiajaponica, showing six embryos, (x 2.) 

 — Longitudinal sections of fruit of Viburnum in three stages, (x 5.) R, raphe ; 



Ch, chalaza. 

 — Commencement of germination of Scabiosa australis. (x 6.) 



— Do. do. do. S Gramuntia. (x 4.) 

 — Seedling of Casuarina. (Nat. size.) 



— Do. Ephedra vulgaris. (Two-thirds nat. size.) 

 — Alisma plantago, stages in germination. A, B, and C.'x 8; D, x '4 ; E, nat_ 



size ; F, nat. size ; C, cotyledon. 



For the illustrations we are indebted to the courtesy of Sir John Lubbock^ 

 Bart., and of Messrs. Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co. 



