CHAPTER XIII. 
Comparison of the Distances on Several Routes. 
The several distances to Horse Plain, where the three routes by the Bitter Root river, the 
Jocko, and by the cut-off from the point of departure in the Blackfoot pass, are respectively 
143 miles, 136 miles, and 111 miles. The route by the Bitter Root river will be adopted in sub- 
sequent comparisons. 
The whole length of this route from St. Paul, by Little Falls, the Grand Coulée, the Milk 
River valley, the northern approach by Lewis and Clark’s Pass, by the Blackfoot River valley, 
and the three several routes as above, by Clark’s fork, the Columbia and Cowlitz rivers, to 
Seattle, will be 2,052, 2,045, and 2,020 miles, respectively; and by the Yakima valley and 
Snoqualme Pass, will be 1,897, 1,890, and 1,560 miles. It is probable that further surveys will 
reduce these distances thirty to fifty miles. By going through the Marias Pass, the distance will 
be about the same. ; 
A route down the Coeur d’Alene mountains would give, respectively, 1,975 and 1,829 miles. 
From Little Falls the distances are— 
BUpme SOM OT rs. onl a pee eel as oe anne ee ieee 125 miles. 
SPAM Sate veic o2 cinens'n o/rem eee ae eee ee ae are epeeiee uke 
ineaDO. 2 2 wadaiticacme cee meen sce es Soe eanes 435 “ (via Stillwater and Madison.) 
And the distances from Seattle of the two routes to these three points will be, in tabular form, as 
follows: 
Snoqualme Pass, Columbia and Cowlitz, 
‘To Shake sSapertor. i= 2e--5-cs ee oe eee e eR eee eee 1902imilesseo- ese ..2- 2,058 miles. 
St: Gbcalll See = ile aie eee neo ee eG ee ee moons L890: eee eee 2,045 <“ 
ChiezrOcen sn dene asee ees Seg As Se a Ee come SF Be ah BE OS. $6) ae eee eee 2,368 * 
The following table gives a comparison between the two routes from St. Paul to Seattle, or 
Puget sound, by the Columbia and Cowlitz, and by the Snoqualme Pass: 
Snoqualme Pass. Columbia and Cowlitz. 
Sueneth of toutes Sac cys nema e aca ene Senter 1,590 aniles:. 2. eae 2,045 miles. 
Sumimit levelet Js 4S eos eck oe cee eee eere ce S;S00 Mectw oaks eee 5,300 feet. 
Distance when road is 4,000 feet or more above sea ... SO umilesoe sem eee 86 miles. 
Distance when road is 3,000 to 4,000 feet above the sea 206 “ ..........- 206 6 
Distance when road is 2,000 to 3,000 feet above the sea 957 “ ........--- 932 ¢¢ 
Distance when road is 1,000 to 2,000 feet above the sea 1,692 ‘“ ........-.. 1,564 * 
Distance when road is less than 1,000 feet above the sea 174 ‘“ .....-...-- 488 ‘+ 
Dipnpth of tunnels jjaasesc oc vedas Ue dsp epee 9.32 ‘ (long tunnel) 2.59 “* 
4.86 ‘(short tunnel) 
Grades, bOstoiG0 feet. acts scence es 6c SO eee ee ee BO 1s 
6 50) to mOilects ss cece ods chee eee EEE nee CO eel are fa eas vie meee 580 ae 
se Opto BO eetae cos ohn cee ee See eee OES ess 1,472 ae 
It is assumed that any route to Oregon by the South Pass must make the Great Salt lake set- 
tlement in its course, descending into its valley by the Timpanogos river, and that it will pass 
west of the Great Salt lake. 
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