INDIAN TRIBES OF WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 431 
need sharp eyes to detect him. Another and very large canoe, of ruder shape and workmanship, 
being wide and shovel-nosed, is in use among all these tribes for the transportation of their 
property and baggage. Among their characteristic manufactures are blankets or robes made 
of dogs’ hair. They have a kind of cur with soft and long white hair, which they shear and 
mix with a little wool or the ravellings of old blankets. This is twisted by rolling on the knees 
into a cord or coarse yarn, and is then woven on a frame. They use the down of water-fowl in 
the same way, mixing it with hair, and forming a very thick and warm fabric. 
The Clallams, as well as the Makahs and some other tribes, carry on a considerable trade 
with Vancouver’s island, selling their skins, oil, &c., and bringing blankets in return. At present 
it is hardly worth while to check this traffic, even if it were possible; but when the white 
population increases, it may become necessary as a revenue measure. In any treaties made with 
them, it should enter as a stipulation that they should confine their trade to the American side. 
Apart of the Clallams are permanently located on that island, and it is believed that their lan- 
guage is an extensive one. The Lummi, on the northern shore of Bellingham bay, are a branch 
of the same nation. 
This tribe have, within the last year, been guilty of the murder of three Americans, as well 
as of several robberies. For the first, that of aman named Pettingill, one of the two perpetrators 
was secured by arresting the chief, and has been in custody at Steilacoom some months 
waiting his trial. The other case was the murder of Captain Jewell, master of the barque John 
Adams, and of his cook, and was unknown till recently, as it was supposed that Jewell had 
absconded. In both cases the parties had considerable sums in their possession, which fell into 
the hands of the Indians. On learning of the last affair, a requisition was made by Governor 
Stevens upon the officer commanding the military post at Steilacoom, and a party promptly 
despatched there to support the special agent in securing the criminals. 
Some severe lesson is required to reduce them to order, as their natural insolence has been 
increased by the weakness of the settlements near them, and by the facility with which they 
can procure liquor. The establishment of a military post at some point on the Straits would 
be very desirable for the purpose of overawing them and their neighbors. 
Above the Clallams are the Chimakum, formerly one of the most powerful tribes of the Sound, 
but which, a few years since, is said to have been nearly destroyed at a blow by an attack of the 
Snoqualmoos. Their numbers have been probably much diminished by the wars in which they 
were constantly engaged. They now occupy some fifteen small lodges on Port Townsend bay, 
and number perhaps seventy in all. Lately, the Clallams have taken possession of their country, 
and they are, ina measure, subject to them. Their language differs materially from either that 
of the Clallams or the Nisqually, and is not understood by any of their neighbors. In fact, they 
seem to have maintained it a State secret. To what family it will ultimately be referred, cannot 
now be decided. Their territory seems to have embraced the shore from Port Townsend to 
Port Ludlow. Still above the Chimakum are the Toanhoock, occupying the western shore of 
Hood’s canal. They are a branch of the Nisqually nation; but their dialect differs greatly from 
those on the eastern side of the Sound. They amount to about 265. With them may be classed 
the Skokamish, upon the head of the canal, who probably number 200. Neither of them have 
had as much intercourse with the whites as most of the Sound tribes. 
Upon Puget sound, and the inlets communicating with it, are several small bands, the rem- 
nants of once larger tribes, formerly all, it is believed, under one head chief. Of these the 
Squalli-ah-mish or Nis-qually is the most numerous, and deserves particular mention as having 
given its name to the general language. Their respective numbers will be given in the general 
statement. 
To the north of this group, another may be formed of those inhabiting the shores of Admiralty 
inlet from Puyallup river to Suquamish head, including Vashore’s and Bainbridge’s islands, Port 
Orchard, Elliott bay and the D’Wamish river, and Port Madison. Most of them are nominally 
