54 
THE INVERTEBRATE FAUNA 
This species occurs on sandy bottoms, and 
appears to be gregarious, as a considerable 
number of specimens are usually obtained 
together. 
We dredged it plentifully last summer off 
Kirkcaldy Bay in 9 fathoms. 
CYNTHIID&. 
Styela grossularia (van Beneden). 
This species was formerly considered as 
the young of Styela rustica (O. F. Miiller), 
and is probably the species referred to 
under the name of Cynthia rustica by 
M‘Bain. 
It is very common in the Firth of Forth, 
from the shore out to deep water. It 
occurs in profusion between tide marks at 
Newhaven, Wardie, Aberdour, etc., cover- 
ing the under surfaces of stones, and often 
in such abundance as to form large masses 
of individuals adhering by their tests. 
The tests are frequently so closely united 
as to appear like a common investing 
mass in which a colony of individuals is 
imbedded. It is merely an aggregation, 
however, and gemmation seems never to 
take place. On the oyster bank this 
species is found on dead shells, etc. Here, 
though still common, the individuals are 
not crowded together, and each is enabled 
to preserve its characteristic blister-like 
shape, and to develop the spreading margin, 
which is rarely seen in specimens from 
Newhaven. 
We have dredged this species in other 
parts of the Forth, such as—east of Inch- 
keith, 7 fathoms; off Kirkcaldy Bay, 9 
fathoms; Aberlady Bay, 9 fathoms; off 
Lonyniddry, 14 fathoms; off Aberdour, 
