26 Journal of Comparative Ncuroloo;y and Psychology. 



everything else. " We are inclined to lose sight of the organic 

 impressions, and to refer reactions to data received through the 

 so-called special senses. Many experiments have already been 

 made which show that the direction of turning, apart from 

 vision, is extremely important in the motor habits of tortoises 

 and frogs. 



I gratefully acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Samuel 

 Henshaw for suggesting to me the desirability of a comparative 

 study of the space reactions of tortoises ; to Mr, Thomas Bar- 

 bour for valuable assistance in many ways, and for the oppor- 

 tunity of observing the behavior of several foreign species ; to 

 Mr. Wm. T. Hornaday, director of the New York Zoological 

 Park, and to Mr. R. L. Ditmars, Curator of Reptiles, for the 

 privilege of conducting experiments in the Park, and for many 

 courtesies, and to Mr. C. W. Hahn for the use of tortoises 

 which were in his possession. 



REFERENCES. 

 James, Wm. 



'90. Principles of Psychology. N'ew York. 

 Mills, Wesley. 



'98. The Nature and Development of Animal Intelligence. London, 

 307 PP- 

 Small, W. S. 



'99. Notes on the Psychic Development of the Young White Rat. 

 Amer. Jour. Psychology, Vol. il, pp. 80-100. 



Thorndike, E. L. 



'99. The Instinctive Reactions of Young Chicks. Psychological Ke- 

 vie7v, Vol. 6, pp. 282-291. 

 Watson, John B. 



'03. Animal Education. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. 106 pp. 



