CoGHiLL, Structure of the Ne>ve Cell. i8i 



positively on three points : it is a strictly endocellular structure ; it has 

 nothing to do with the neurofibrils of Apathy and Bethe ; it is not 

 identical with the canaliculus Holmgren. Regarding its relation to 

 "I'etat spiremateau" of Nelis, he could not at the time of writing offer 

 a positive opinion. 



As already stated in the discussion of the structure of the ground 

 substance, Hatai ('03) resolves the net in question into a modified 

 protoplasmic reticulum. His position upon this point is strongly sup- 

 ported by almost every feature of the net which kSouKHANOFF empha- 

 sizes, — the lack of uniformity in size and the irregularity in contour of 

 the fibrils, the restricted perinuclear position of the net, its conformity 

 in shape to the shape of the cell and its relation to the processes of the 

 cell. In all of these features the net has a striking resemblance to the 

 filaments which Hatai describes as formed by the matting together of 

 numerous fibrillae of the neurosomic net. But it will be remembered 

 that Hatai considers that the neurofibrils of Apathy are identical with 

 this modified reticulum. The interpretation would place him in direct 

 opposition to Soukhanoff when the latter says that the Golgi endo- 

 cellular net has nothing to do with the neurofibrils of Apathy and 

 Bethe. 



By Hatai'.s work, therefore, another of the manifold structura 

 elements of the nerve cell is explained upon the basis of the funda 

 mental structure of the protoplasm. 



The Gemmules. 



The structures which Berkeley called "gemmules" have received 

 various names by other investigators: "epines" by E.am6n-y-Ca jal ; 

 "appendices piriformes" by Mlle. Stefanowska ; and "appendices 

 collatereaux" by others. As treated by many authors they may vary 

 in form from short club-shaped to spindle-shaped or even filamentous 

 structures. In his study of the cellular changes in the cerebral cortex 

 under experimental anemia, Soukhanoff ('98) finds that as the symp- 

 toms become more acute the gemmules become modified and ulti- 

 mately disappear. In another work of the same year, he discovered 

 similar changes in the gemmules in animals which have been subjected 

 to the vapors of ether, chloroform and alcohol. In other animals treated 

 with injections of trional the pronounced modifications in the gem- 

 mules, as well as other changes in the central system, were attributed 

 to the derangement of general nutrition and not to the specific action 

 of the drug. 



In further pathological studies with the Golgi method, Soukhan 



