3i6 Jounial of Couiparative Neurology and Psychology. 



In the second trial the time was reduced 2 min. There 

 were few random movements, and no bHnd alleys were entered. 



The question arose, How far did the previous experi- 

 ments with the guinea pig aid it in learning the more complex 

 path ? 



A guinea pig from the same litter that had never been 

 used for experiment was now tested. It was smaller and not 

 quite so mature as the first one used. When placed in the 

 labyrinth, conditions as for I, it wandered about 45 minutes 

 without finding its way in. This seemed merely chance, as its 

 activity was sufficient to make it wander all over the cage. It 

 paid no attention to the mother, nor had the first one, so far as 

 I could judge, since finding her seemed a matter of accident the 

 first time.* I simplified the labyrinth by removing the part di- 

 rectly in front of the entrance (K); the mother was found in 

 33 min., probably by chance. 



The apparatus was washed and replaced as in the first 

 instance (Text-fig. 5). Time, 3.166 min. 



Repeated. Time, .416 min. All random movements 

 were eliminated. The recollection of the pathway chosen per- 

 sisted, since experiments on the next day (age, 4 days) with the 

 different individuals showed few random movements and short 

 time reactions. 



Close observation of all individuals, as to manner of turn- 

 ing and of moving about, indicates that kinesthetic sensations * 

 are a controlling factor in the learning and retention of a path 

 to food. A movement once made and "stamped in" by the 

 pleasure incident to the obtaining of food quickly becomes au- 

 tomatic. 



1 It is hard to know when the young are actually trying to reach the mother 

 (i. e., when she is a specific stimulus). I found definite indication that she fur- 

 nished a stimulus for the young at the age of 62 hours (p. 309); but even later 

 many of them at times would apparently pay no attention to her, and would not 

 go to her when in the same box. 



' Yerkes has rightly insisted upon the importance of the kinesthetic sensa- 

 tions with animals of a simple psychical organization. ^Instincts, Habits and 

 Reactions of the Frog. Harvard Psychological Studies, Vol. I). 



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