430 Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. 



It would appear, therefore, that a man is a whole both to the 

 child and to the philosopher, but to the psychologist who stands be- 

 tween, there exists the dualism of mind and body. ''It appears a 

 problem only because of the fact that our experience is not yet com- 

 pleted, that, as Professor Baldwin says, it still has a career before it." 



In a later paper (The Necessity from the Standpoint, etc.) Pro- 

 fessor Bawden states the energic view, -'Under the name of energy, 

 motion is now regarded as itself the essence of reality, and the idea of 

 brute, lump matter drops away. In place of the static we get the 

 dynamic theory of the nature of reality." "This is the dynamic or en- 

 ergist's view quite generally held by philosophical physicists today." 

 "The solution of the paradox (that time is built up in consciousness 

 while the latter is an evolution in time) lies in seeing that conscious- 

 ness, taken apart from the organism which is conscious, is not an entity 

 or thing or even a process, it is only a meaning or significance." A 

 meaning to what or whom ? To the organism ? Professor Bawden 

 claims that the dualism of consciousness and organism is simply meth- 

 odological not ontological. "Consciousness is not an entity or thing; 

 it is a function, a meaning." But if the being of the organism be its 

 activity, consciousness resolves into the function of an activity and we 

 reach a conclusion like that of Mach referred to. In fact, the word 

 function is perhaps unfortunate and could hardly be used in a strict 

 way if we held to a materialistic construction of physical being. Evi- 

 dently by "function" is not meant the doing that constitutes the being 

 of things, but the interpretation of this doing or its revelation in the 

 act of doing. It would seem to be nearer the conception intended by 

 all the writers last mentioned if we conceive of energy or activity as 

 the ground of all being and admit that the specific meanins; of each 

 form depends on its mode, form or type. Each type has its intrinsic mean- 

 ing, but whether it shall be what we call consciousness or not depends 

 on the exact form which the energy assumes. 



This sketch would be incomplete without reference to Professor 

 James "Barrier Theory" of mind. It would interesting to know how 

 far the author was influenced by his well-known leaning toward occult- 

 ism and the mystical in general in putting forth this theory. Starting 

 from the statement (to which we are asked to subscribe in advance) of 

 the "great psychophysical formula: Thought is a function of the 

 brain," Professor James considers that the difficulty so generally felt 

 in the acceptance of this statement is due to an unnecessary limitation 

 in the meaning of the word "function." 



