62 ALUS. [Vol. XVIII. 



closely to the bone, stains like cartilage in carmine preparations, 

 and is so brittle that it chips off in little pieces when being re- 

 moved. Otherwise it seems to be of a fibrous, or semi-cartila- 

 ginous, rather than a cartilaginous character, and in cleaning 

 macerated specimens it is always removed with the other tissues. 



The dorsal articular head of the maxillary articulates, indirectly, 

 with a large articular head on the lateral edge of the anterior end 

 of the vomer, the two elements being separated by a tough fibrous, 

 or fibro-cartilaginous pad which is attached to a strong ligament 

 that extends from the skull to the outer surface of the maxillary. 

 This ligament arises from the anterior edge of the dorso-lateral 

 process of the ethmoid, or from the lateral surface of the median 

 ridge on the anterior end of the ethmoid in front of that process, 

 and has its insertion on the little process near the ventral edge of 

 the outer surface of the maxillary, as shown in Fig. 54. The 

 fibrous pad, connected with this ligament, that extends downward 

 between the maxillary and vomer, and other similar, but less devel- 

 oped pads of tissue that lie between the maxillary and premax- 

 illary, and between the maxillary and palatine, seem to represent, 

 in Scomber, the submaxillary cartilages described by Sagemehl 

 (No. 65, p. 102) in certain other tel costs. 



Between the ventral articular surface on the outer surface of 

 the maxillary and the process that lies immediately dorso-posterior 

 to it and projects downward and forward over it, there is a nar- 

 row but relatively deep space into which a part of the dorsal edge 

 of the premaxillary fits. This part of the latter bone is lined, on 

 both its inner and outer surfaces, with the same tissue that lines 

 the articular surfaces of the maxillary, and its two surfaces articu- 

 late, respectively, with the ventral articular surface of the max- 

 illary, and with the articular eminence on the anterior surface of 

 the little process of that bone. The articular surface immediately 

 posterior to the little process gives articulation to the anterior end 

 of the palatine. 



The articular edge at the anterior end of the maxillary rests 

 against a small articular surface on the inner surface of the pre- 

 maxillary. 



Between the dorsal articular head of the maxillary and the dor- 

 sal edge of the body of the bone posterior to it, there is a relatively 



