Xos. IAND2.] ANATOMY OF SCOMBER SCOMBER. 241 



The ciliary ganglion is said to be connected with the nervus oculo- 

 motorius by two strands representing the radix brevis, and also by 

 a separate sympathetic root. Stannius thus did not find a pro- 

 fundus root or ganglion in Scouiher, although both these struc- 

 tures are described by him in Trigla (No. 70, p. 35). While this 

 root and ganglion ma}', in the specimens examined by Stannius, 

 have been fused with the trigemino-facial root and ganglion, this 

 seems to me improbable, since, in all the many specimens exam- 

 ined in my work, a separate profundus foramen was always found. 

 The profundus root and ganglion, and the origin of the radix 

 longa from that ganglion, were, however, missed in all the earlier 

 dissections made, and the sympathetic strands that join the radix 

 longa were supposed to represent the direct nervous connection of 

 the ciliary ganglion with the trigemino-facial ganglion, as Stan- 

 nius asserts. 



A profundus root and ganglion are thus found in Aiiiia, in 

 Scomber, and in Trigla. In Auiia an important Portio ophthal- 

 mici profundi is found, arising from the profundus ganglion, and 

 there is also what may, possibly, be a rudimentary ramus ophthal- 

 micus profundus. In Scomber and Trigla there is no trace of 

 either of these nerves as structures arising from the profundus 

 ganglion. 



In Meiiidia Herrick (No. 38, p. 167) has recently described 

 what he considers as a very small ramus profundus. He says 

 that it arises from the gasserian ganglion, and that it "accom- 

 panies the sympathetic fibers of the radix ciliaris longa of the cil- 

 iary ganglion to that ganglion, after which they can no longer be 

 separately followed. The relations of this nerve, which has not 

 before been described for teleosts, indicates that the embryonic pro- 

 fundus ganglion has fused with the Gasserian." As the so-called 

 radix ciliaris longa of this description is said to be composed of 

 sympathetic fibers, it would seem as if it could be safely assumed 

 that the fibers that form it arise from the large sympathetic gang- 

 lion said by Herrick to be associated with the trigemino-facial 

 ganglion of the fish (No. 36), and that they are, accordingly, rep- 

 resented in Scomber in the sympathetic strands that join the trun- 

 cus ciliaris of that fish. The so-called ramus profundus of Menidia 

 would then seem to become the radix longa ganglii ciliaris of my 



