244 ALUS. [Vol. XVIII. 



also Apolant (No. lo) ; both these observers thus confirming Ret- 

 zius's earlier observations (No. 62). In the dog the cells of the 

 ciliary ganglion are said by Holtzmann to be partly spinal and 

 partly sympathetic in character. He therefore concludes that the 

 ciliary ganglion is of cerebrospinal origin, a derivative of an inter- 

 vertebral ganglion similar to those that give origin both to the 

 spinal ganglia and to the ganglia of the sympathetic cord, and that 

 ''in ihm bald die eine, bald die andere Seite der ursprunglichen 

 Anlage zur Entwicklung gelangt." He assigns the ganglion defi- 

 nitely to the nervus oculomotorius, and inclines to account for its 

 presence on that purely motor nerve by considering the nerve, with 

 Hatschek, as the ramus visceralis of the nervus Trigeminus I ; 

 that is, as the motor component of the dorsal spinal root of that 

 nerve. Haller, also (No. 34, pp. 520-532), considers the ciliary 

 ganglion as a spinal ganglion belonging to the nervus oculomo- 

 torius, and he says that as conclusive proof of this he succeeded, 

 after many futile attempts, in tracing "Wurzelfasern" to it from 

 spinal ganglion cells in the torus semicircularis. He accordingly 

 concludes that the oculomotorius is an independent metameric 

 cranial nerve. He makes no mention whatever of any branch con- 

 necting the ganglion with any part of the nervus trigeminus, a re- 

 grettable omission in a discussion of this subject. 



Cole, in his preliminary work on Chimcsra (No. 14), says that 

 the profundus nerve, in that fish, "is undoubtedly a branch of the 

 Vth, and does not arise by a separate root from the medulla. It 

 springs from the main trunk of the Vth, slightly distal to the 

 Gasserian ganglion." No profundus ganglion is described, but a 

 ciliary ganglion is described similar to the one previously described 

 by Ewart in Lccmavgiis. In Cole's later, complete work (No. 15) 

 he describes a profundus or mesocephalic ganglion, found on the 

 profundus nerve soon after its origin from the trunk of the tri- 

 geminus, and says of the nerve itself that "its origin and distribu- 

 tion make it exceedingly probable that it corresponds to the motor 

 division of the profundus found in Cyclostomes." As the nerve 

 in Chirncera lies dorsal to the nervus opticus, while in Myxine the 

 motor part of the ophthalmicus runs forward ventral to that nerve 

 (No. 26, p. 31), this homology seems to me improbable. It is 

 clearly based on an acceptance of Pollard's statement, to which 



