Nos. IAND2.] ANATOMY OF SCOMBER SCOMBER. 247 



geminal foramen. Both parts are ganglionic as they traverse their 

 respective foramina, and also, beyond those foramina, when they 

 issue from them in the trigemino-facial chamber of the petrosal. 

 From the part that traverses the trigeminal foramen, the truncus 

 trigeminus and the ophthalmicus, buccalis, and oticus facialis 

 arise. From the part that traverses the facial foramen the pala- 

 tinus facialis and the truncus hyoideo-mandibularis facialis arise. 



Scomber thus does not probably differ materially in its trigeminal 

 and facial roots from Amia, excepting that the several roots of the 

 complex are more completely fused with each other than in Amia, 

 and that the trigeminal and facial elements, and the lateral line ele- 

 ments that accompany them, separate from each other while they 

 are still intracranial in position instead of after they have entered 

 an upper and lateral portion of the eye-muscle canal. It is, how- 

 ever, to be remembered that no histological examination whatever 

 of the complex was made. In Scomber there is, in the trigemino- 

 facial chamber, a large communicating branch between the tri- 

 geminal and facial trunks of the complex, a branch not found in 

 Amia. If it exists in the latter fish, it must be included in the 

 ganglionic formation from which the two trunks arise, instead of 

 lying external to it. 



In Lota, Goronowitsch (No. 32) finds the trigemino-facial com- 

 plex arising, as I understand him, by two true roots and three 

 "Stamme." The two true roots are said to be the motor and sen- 

 sory roots of the facialis, which unite to form a single facial stem, 

 or trunk. One of the three "Stamme" is said to contain the 

 sensory and motor elements of nervus Trigeminus I. ; tlie other 

 two together containing the same elements of nervus Trigeminus 

 II. The so-called ramus ophthalmicus superficialis of the fish is 

 said to arise entirely from the nervus Trigeminus II., and, as I 

 understand the descriptions, entirely from the dorso-median stem 

 of that nerve, that is, from the part called by Goronowitsch Tr. 11. 

 R. The so-called ramus ophthalmicus profundus is said to be 

 formed by two bundles of fibers, one of which arises from the 

 single stem of the nervus Trigeminus I., and the other from the 

 dorsal root of the facialis. These two ophthalmic nerves, closely 

 accompanying each other, are said to run forward along the dorsal 

 wall of the orbit; this position, as shown in Fig. i, PI. I. of Go- 



