Nos. IAND2.] ANATOMY OF SCOMBER SCOMBER. 253 



two strands, one of which passes above the truncus faciaUs and 

 the other below it, the two strands uniting again immediately be- 

 yond the truncus, thus enclosing it in a sympathetic loop. The 

 sympathetic nerve here sends delicate fibers to the truncus facialis, 

 the fibers seeming to run proximally into the truncus. The sympa- 

 thetic nerve then issues through the facial opening of the tri- 

 gemino-facial chamber, with the truncus hyoideo-mandibularis, 

 lying ventro-internal to that nerve. Continuing backward, close 

 against the lateral surface of the skull, it passes ventral to the 

 nervus glossopharyngeus and ventro-internal to the commissural 

 branch from that nerve to the facialis. It here lies close against 

 the ventral svirface of the proximal end of the ganglion of the 

 glossopharyngeus, aAd presents two or three small ganglionic 

 swellings. From the one or more posterior swellings delicate 

 fibers go to the radix or ganglion of the glossopharyngeus. From 

 the anterior swelling, in i\Ir. Nomura's several dissections, there 

 was always a small branch running forward to the dorsal surface 

 of the truncus hyoideo-mandibularis facialis and there connecting 

 with the communicating branch from the trigeminus to the facialis. 

 Posterior to the glossopharyngeus the sympathetic nerve con- 

 tinues backward, and, passing ventral to the vagus nerves as they 

 issue from their foramen, enters another ganglion from which deli- 

 cate fibers are sent to the vagus. Posterior to this ganglion the 

 nerve continues backward ventro-mesial to the occipital nerves, to 

 one or all of which fibers are sent. The nerve then reaches the 

 ventro-lateral surface of the spinal column and joins a ganglionic 

 formation that is in close connection .with a small sympathetic 

 ganglion associated with the first spinal nerve. From this last 

 ganglion a sympathetic cord runs backward, ventro-mesial to the 

 spinal nerves, along the ventro-lateral surface of the spinal col- 

 umn. 



The large, anterior, sympathetic ganglion of Scomber was ap- 

 parently entirely overlooked by Stannius, for he says (No. 70, p. 

 135) : "Bei Scomber beginnt der Grenzstrang ohne dentliche 

 Auschwellung an der Austrittsstelle der N. facialis." The gang- 

 lion that I have described lies wholly anterior to that point, and 

 the ganglion of Scomber seems to agree closely with the one de- 

 scribed by Herrick (No. T)^) in Mcnidia. In Menidia Herrick 



