Nos. IAND2.] ANATOMY OF SCOMBER SCOMBER. 277 



geniculate 'ganglion of the fish, between the truncus hyo-mandib- 

 ularis and the ramus palatinus. This nerve is said to furnish the 

 only nerve supply that the pseudobranch receives, and the nerve is 

 considered by Herrick, because of this, as the pretrematic branch 

 of the facialis, the pseudobranch being said to represent a spirac- 

 ular, that is, a mandibular gill. The glossopharyngeus is said to 

 lack entirely a ramus pretrematicus, and there is said to be no 

 commissural connection whatever between it and the faciaHs. 

 The absence of these two nerves, and particularly that of the 

 ramus pretrematicus glossopharyngeus, is so striking a peculiarity, 

 and so different from the conditions found in Scomber, that it 

 seems a not improper supposition to assume that they, one or 

 both, may be represented in the so-called pretrematic branch of 

 the faciaHs. The nerve supply of, the pseudobranch of Menidia 

 would then probably be the same as that of the opercular gill of 

 Scomber, whatever that supply may be. If Friedrich Miiller (No. 

 47), the latest worker on the subject, is correct in his conclusion 

 that the pseudobranch and opercular gills of teleosts all belong to 

 the mandibular arch, it is evident that the fibers that go to the gill, 

 in Scomber, must be facial instead of glossopharyngeal. 



In Gadiis Cole says (No. 16, p. 135) that the nerve known as 

 Jacobson's anastomosis is a posterior division of a single facial 

 nerve, the anterior division of which is "the true palatine branch 

 of the facial nerve and its two divisions, the anterior and posterior 

 palatine nerves described by Allis in Amia." Later in the same 

 work, he says (pp. 145-148) that Jacobson's nerve is the palatine 

 or pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeus, and that it only 

 joins and accompanies a branch of the palatinus facialis, intimately 

 associated with it. The conditions in Gadus may, therefore, repre- 

 sent a condition intermediate between those found in Amia and 

 Scomber, but it would seem important to know, in Gadus, the 

 definite distribution of the palatinus facialis and the ramus an- 

 terior glossopharyngei. 



In Goronowitsch's descriptions of Lota, I can not recognize the 

 homologue of the communicating branch from the facialis to the 

 glossopharyngeus of Scomber. A connection between these two 

 nerves is described by Gorono.witsch (No. 32, p. 40), but the com- 

 municating branch from the glossopharyngeus is said by him to 



