144 Will.clm His 



iiig of either aiialoiny or physiology. Oiteii did he seem to sink but he 

 always came to the surface again, for he had overcome great difficulties 

 before — he was independent. After all, research i.s to the proljloni of 

 teaching as manoeuvres are to a battle. 



The power in His now blossomed and bore fruit. AVith his great back- 

 ground he was able to construct strong courses, marked by his individu- 

 ality, and soon he was to influence the leaching of anatomy the world 

 over. The attitude of the comparative anatomist he had learned from 

 Johannes Miiller, that of the Jiistologist from Yirchow and Ivolliker, 

 but that which made the greatest and most lasting impression upon him 

 was the attitude of the embryologist which he learned from Eemak. The 

 histological work begun M'ith Yirchow was continued and soon extended 

 to include the lymphatic system. In 1862 he published a paper on 

 h'mph radicles, advocating a closed lymphatic system, by all odds the best 

 paper on that side of the question which has ever been published. 



During this time, his embryological studies were also actively pros- 

 ecuted for he had learned of their great value in histology from Eemak. 

 The classic object, the chick, as well as the structure of the ovary was 

 studied again. That a plan underlay his work was very apparent, but no 

 one dreamed of its magnitude until the publication of his academic pro- 

 gram in 1865,' entitled "Die Haute und Hohlen des Korpers." In this 

 paper he gives the key by which the genetic relation of tissues can be 

 ascertained and following it faithfully, he made one discovery after an- 

 other. The " Program " is now incorporated with our science ; it proved 

 to be really a program for anatomy, and it was fitting that it should have 

 been reprinted as the last paper during His's editorship of the Archiv fiir 

 Anatomic, nearly forty years after its first publication. It certainly 

 must be gratifying to a scientist to see his early dreams so well realized 

 before his work is over. As His said of Bichat, " It is a mark of genius 

 to see great truths in a relatively small number of observations." '' 



The great contribution to anatomy during the eighteenth century 

 was the discovery of the tissues, the conception of which received its 

 full development in the general anatomy of Bichat, published in 1801. 

 Cellular tissue had been gradually making its way during that century 

 and among others, Haller was trying to see in it some imit of organiza- 

 tion, but the cell of Haller proved to be only a connective-tissue space 

 and the all-important fiber was viewed by most anatomists as an artifi- 

 cial production. But the doctrine of cellular tissue was the foundation 

 of general anatomy and this in turn that of histology which, through 

 embryology, has given us modern anatomy. 



During the nineteenth century Ave see three great steps in anatomy. 



