Dean D. Lewis . ISl 



of elastic fibers, roinid and spindle cells. It is found in the new-born. 

 Chondrification never occurs in it. 



Sappc}' ^' states that tlie ligauR'ntum Nocalc is atiached anteriorly by 

 means of a nodule composed of elastic tissue, " nodule glottique 

 anterieur.^^ 



Frankel " describes in the anterior extremity of the ligamentum vocale 

 a small firm nodule, which is attached to the hyaline thyroid cartilage 

 by loose fibrous tissue. He states that the nodule undoubtedly contains 

 cartilage cells. 



Xicolas " speaks of the " cartilagines sesamoidea^ anteviores '' as small 

 white or yellowish-white nodules, which can be isolated without difficulty 

 from the fibro-elastic tissue in which they are lodged. They do not 

 exceed a millet seed in size; often they are smaller. They are attached 

 to the angle of the thyroid cartilage by a dense fibrous tissue. 

 In the majority of cases, if not in all, among the elastic and collagenic 

 fibers forming the nodules, cells are found which are undoubtedly carti- 

 laginous in character. 



Keinke'^ describes the nodule as being composed of a deeply stainable 

 substance, resembling histologically the tissue just anterior to the pro- 

 cessus vocalis of the arytenoid cartilage. Some cartilage cells are found 

 in the nodule. The elastic fibers passing off from the anterior extremity 

 of this nodule are attached to the perichondrium of the thyroid cartilage. 



jSTone of the investigators had paid much attention to the finer histo- 

 logical structure of the median process described by Gerhardt, and it re- 

 mained for Friedrich^" to study it in detail, and to question the con- 

 clusions of the former. Friedrich describes accurately the relation 

 existing between the collagenic fibers, occupying the angle of 

 the thyroid cartilage, and the anterior fibers of the conns elasticus. This 

 fibrous tissue increases in amount as sections passing cephalad are ex- 

 amined; it attains its greatest development opposite the anterior attach- 

 ments of the ligamenta vocalia. The fibrous tissue will be found 

 grouped in well-defined vertical bundles immediately adjacent to the 

 thyroid cartilage. These vertical bundles are surrounded by horizontal 

 fibers. Posteriorly, as the anterior extremities of the ligamenta vocalia 

 are approached, the bands of fibrous tissue become horizontal, corre- 

 sponding in direction to a horizontal group of elastic fibers, passing off 



'-Sappey; quoted by Friedrich. 



"Frankel: Arch. f. Laryngol. u. Rhinol. Bd. i. 



"Nicolas: Poirier et Charpy's Traite d'anatomie huraaine., t. iv, p. 435. 



''Reinke: Anat. Hefte. Bd. ix, p. 110. 



'"Friedrich: Arch. f. Laryngol. u. Rhinol. Bd. iv, pp. 192-193. 



