398 On the Angle of the Elbow 



male. The degree of flexion gives a similar table, which becomes more 



Degree of flexion 20° 25° 30° 35° 40° 45° 50° 55° 



Number of males .. 3 17 23 17 3 



Number of females 1 1 6 8 6 3 .. 1 



Total 1 1 9 25 29 20 3 1 



marked when it is expressed in differences, that is the degree of motion, 

 from maximinn flexion to maximum extension. 



Degree of motion .. . 110° 115° 120° 125° 130° 135° 140° 145° 150° 155° 

 Number of males... 2 



Number of females.. 



Total 2 5 9 7 17 15 20 7 4 3 



The two lines now move away from each other more than before, 

 the greatest number of cases for each sex being 10° instead of 5° 

 apart. In constructing this table the degree given is each time the 

 middle figure; for instance, 130° includes 128° to 133°. Further- 

 more, there seems to be a slight racial difference which tends to make 

 the sexual difference rather less marked than it really is. The greatest 

 number of European males occurred in maximum extension under 170°, 

 in maximum flexion under 35°, and in degree of motion under 135°. 

 In other words, the motion of the elbow of the European male is more 

 nearly like the female than the male negro. So when the joint of the 

 negro alone is considered the sexual difference is more pronounced than 

 when it is considered with that of the European. The following table 



Degree of motion 110° 115 



( Number of males. ... 1 5 



Negro -^ 



I Number of females 



Total 1 5 7 6 13 11 10 6 2 3 



includes only the arms taken from negroes. On account of an insufficient 

 number of records further tabulations give no results which are definite. 



As far as the records go, they indicate that the elbow joint of the female 

 is more flexible than that of the male — is more of the infantile type — and 

 that of the European male holds an intermediate position between the 

 negro male and negro female. Practically all of the subjects considered 

 came from the laboring class, so a difference on account of muscular de- 

 velopment cannot be entertained. 



The amount of deflection of the forearm is shown in the data which 

 follow. In all cases the styloid process deflects when the arm is extended 



