VI Proceedings of the Association of American Anatomists 



the facial it becomes the large superficial petrosal nerve. Both nerves, 

 superior maxillar}- and petrosal, arise exclusively from the ganglia. 

 The posterior branch on the other hand, is joined by fibers from the 

 ventral roots of the nerves and hence in both cases the branch thus 

 formed — the postrematicus — is a mixed nerve. In the case of the tri- 

 geminal, it becomes the inferior maxillary nerve ; in the case of the facial 

 it forms the main trunk of the nerve. The latter divides in the hyoid 

 arch. The anterior branch which receives most if not all of the fibers 

 derived from the ganglion passes beneath the point of union of the 

 first pharyngeal pouch with the skin and enters the mandibular arch; 

 it becomes the chorda tympani nerve. The posterior branch remains in 

 the hyoid arch, its fibers being distributed to the muscle anlagen ; it cor- 

 responds to the facial proper of the adult. 



The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal has no counterpart in the 

 facial nerve in the mammalia. 



NOTE ON THE LIGAMENTS OF THE MAMMARY GLAND. By William 



Keillek. Medical Department, University of Texas, Galveston. 



Besides the cutaneous ligaments of Cooper, the fibrous tissue of the 

 mammary gland spreads out peripherally in all directions so as to form 

 a continuous sheet, which binds the gland to the deep fascia beneath the 

 clavicle, along the side of the sterum, to the fascia of the lower costal re- 

 gion and to the fascia of the floor of the axilla. This fascia forms the 

 true suspensory ligament of the gland. It is rich in lymphatics which 

 run in all directions and is of the utmost surgical importance. So far 

 as the writer has been able to inquire, it is not adequately described. 



A NOTE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CESOPHAGEAL EPITHELIUM. 

 By R. H. Whitehead. Department of Anatomy, University of Noi'th 

 Carolina. 



Within the past decade a number of observers have reported finding in 

 the upper part of the human oesophagus small areas which greatly re- 

 semble the mucous membrane of the cardiac end of the stomach con- 

 taining tubular glands similar to the cardiac and fundus glands. In 

 the attempt to explain their occurrence, some authors maintain that they 

 are due to developmental disturbances, that they result from a downgrowth 

 of ectodermal epithelium from the oral cavity, which replaces the original 

 endodermal epithelium over the entire oesophagus, except in minute areas 

 which remain and develop like the gastric epithelium. Others hold that 

 these areas are normal structures and two authors have reported finding 

 their anlagen in human embryos. The writer finds that in the pig the 

 stratified squamous epithelium of the oesophagus is developed in loco from 



