THE LIVING SUBSTANCE 



AS SUCH: AND AS ORGANISM. 

 GWENDOLEN POULKE ANDREWS. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page 

 I 

 4 

 7 



Preface .... 



Methods .... 



Visible Protoplasmic Structure 



Composition of the Protoplasmic 

 Foam . . . . -13 



Discontinuous Elements, or In- 

 clusions . . . . .14 



Continuous, or Living, Element 22 



Areal Differentiation based on 

 Foam Structure ... 41 



Protoplasmic Activities and Cell- 

 Division 67 



Striation 89 



Contractility . . • .103 



Page 

 New Structural Formula for Pro- 

 toplasm . . . . .106 

 The Living Substance : As Such 



and as Organism . . .110 

 True Biological Standpoint . 119 



Selection of Environment by the 

 Living Substance . . .124 



Parasitism 144 



Fosterhood .... 148 



Heredity 151 



Habit 162 



Instincts 170 



Conclusion . . . .171 



Preface. 



The editing of certain studies in protoplasmic phenomena 

 having been set aside again and again by circumstances, I am 

 impelled to publish a somewhat condensed account of the more 

 important facts which bear on problems of the day. 



To do this is to do less justice to the work than one could 

 wish, seeing that the larger truths presented were built up as 

 mosaics by mere accretion of individual facts ; a method for- 

 bidden by the scope of a summary when the number of facts 

 is legion. 



Yet it is possible to give a bird's-eye view of the ground 

 covered, and, perhaps, to justify those broader statements, 



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