146 ANDREWS. 



have a curious individuality of their own, — they are like 

 organisms within the mass and act as carriers with such seem- 

 ing sentience, with so surprising a sympathy of response to a 

 host of internal needs and states of the general substance 

 that it is only when one looks at them as free co7inective tissue 

 areas that one can at all understand their relations to and with 

 the general substance. Such service as they yield in grosser 

 expression is supplied the substance as such more radically by 

 migrant currents, by filose processes, and perhaps by chemical 

 or physical conditions. I have watched in situ in soft shelled 

 crabs, certain of the leucocytes take the form of bi-flagellate 

 monads with variably protoplastic posterior region, and travel 

 about thus, constantly insinuating with some appearance of 

 force the tip of their long flagellas which were sharply pointed, 

 into the tissues about them. Whether they brought sub- 

 stances or took them away or stimulated excretion from these 

 tissues could not be seen. One would perhaps think them 

 parasitic forms were it not for their frequent metamorphoses. 

 In blood drawn from the crab they quickly change to the 

 Heliozoan like state and aid in the coagulation phenomena. 



[144] Amongst organisms examined, from Protoplasta to 

 highly organized Metazoa, the complexity and number of areas 

 laid down for organized contractility and irritability appeared 

 to be correlated with number and complexity of devices for 

 assimilating, and for transforming assimilation products into 

 most varied materials, all of which when presented to the 

 substance as such were in dialysible form. (The male rotifer 

 and similar cases, as of spermatozoa, do not form a true 

 exception here, — see following sections.) Looked at from this 

 standpoint, cell division, and, tnore broadly yet, areal dijferen- 

 tiation appears as chiefly a Multiplication of ectosarcal areas or 

 organs and, with this, of a nuclear machinery to control their 

 specific supplies. 



Parasitism of the substance being an established substance 

 habit, it like all other such appears throughout the manifold 

 relations of the substance as organism. And here, as in 

 other substance habits, there is in higher organisms progressive 

 increase and extension of it in all the relations of the sub- 



