148 ANDREWS. 



tionings, or which enables it to make fuller use of these, the 

 substance as such and as organism seems to profit in renewed 

 vitality. These conditions are to be found very commonly 

 alternating with converse states of initiative activity of both 

 the substance and its gross expression in organisms. The 

 more vicarious means of supply can be extended, the more the 

 substance may expand and expend its own peculiar powers in 

 self-expression. But unless states in which an endosarcal set 

 of habits are peculiarly fostered alternate with ectosarcal self- 

 expression the organism or area becomes by so much degener- 

 ate ; and if the latter outrun the former it becomes exhausted. 

 The value of such alternation is probably at the root of that 

 flux of living substance in organisms which has been so much 

 emphasized throughout this paper. Here again one sees sub- 

 stance habit and its conditionings apply to organs and to 

 organisms — peculiarly in reproduction phenomena. 



FOSTERHOOD. 



[146] The word parasitic having by a certain frequent use 

 associations which in some connections are jarring, it should 

 suffer as idea a transformation of verbal form gracious enough 

 to follow that of the fact into the beautiful phenomena of 

 parenthood. Dependent perpetuation areas may be called 

 fosterling areas ; the supporting substance foster substance, 

 area, organ, or organism. Of all areas differentiated to live at 

 expense of other parts of an organism, there are none so 

 grossly egotistic, none which so take all and keep all for them- 

 selves as the perpetuation or fosterling areas. From their 

 inception, for variable periods, often covering the whole term 

 of their existence, they receive largely from the foster sub- 

 stance in many of its phases. It is common for a parent 

 organism to support a special machinery whose work is alone 

 for the offspring area. The whole parent itself as organism 

 may be regarded as serving as a substance device for securing 

 and preparing the materials needed by the perpetuation sub- 

 stance. For the pampered fosterling areas the rest of the 

 substance may go more or less lean and hungry. To them 



