1 68 ANDREWS. 



patently expressed. And still beneath these, come the unstable 

 and even protoplastic habit connections formed by the con- 

 tinuous substance. 



The multiplex interdependence of such organs, and of the 

 primary substance organ upon these for its supplies, makes 

 death an ever-increasing danger. This is, however, compen- 

 sated for by the complex added control of external environ- 

 mental opportunities given also by such secondary substance 

 organs as bridge space and time for the mass. To state in 

 brief the general results of these researches ; it appears that 

 those functional interrelations which make up existing types of 

 organism may be largely secondary and enforced upon existing 

 opportunities of vesicular and chemical organization. They 

 serve the whole mass, not as normal habits of the true organ- 

 ism, but as secondary, and in some cases even as morbid 

 habits, incidental to the true life-history of this. They are 

 imposed, or parasitic, habits. Once established as substance 

 functions, they are subject to natural selection and if useful 

 to the life-history of the substance as such they are retained 

 and emphasized. Or, if they are necessarily incidental to 

 functions useful to this, they will be retained also. Natural 

 selection will act upon the functions or structures or results of 

 any series of vesicular organization. 



It is then, not that compound of cells whose multiplication 

 we have watched with such breathless interest, that is the 

 true organism, but the continuous substance by whose local 

 deposits of specific material these cells and their nucleolar 

 machinery are built up, and whose complexity certainly far 

 outruns that of the more patent combinations which it uses in 

 manifold ways over and above what their accepted functions 

 tell of. I think that we have now no resource but to look 

 upon all embryonic organs as substance organs of excretion and 

 secretion with variously organized contractility and irritability; 

 to believe that the same functioning substance which forms and 

 uses these, will of the offered opportunities within and second- 

 arily created by them, make other and yet other organs, until 

 the final set of functional interrelations of the " organism " are 

 reached, — and these are at best but unstably existent; and 



