268 American Quarterly Microscopical Journal. 



of cryptogamic plants in contradistinction to phaenogamic 

 seeds. Some cells contain a great many spores, and yet 

 the cell itself is called a spore. In its primary sense it 

 means a seed, whether applied to plants or animals. It is 

 the cell, however large or small, however changed in form, 

 or wherever found, that reproduces from a sowing. 



Spermogonia, cavities in Lichens and Fungi, containing — 



Spematia, granules within spores, without motile power. 



Sporule, generally in the sense of small spores. 



Sporangium, a case in which spores are formed, or body con- 

 taining spores. 



Sporidia, two or more germ cells in one case. 



Sporocyst, the spore case of Algeae, and same as — 



Sporocarp, any spore case. 



Sporidiola, same as spermatia. 



Stylospores, spores on tips of threads enclosed in a perithecium. 



Spermatozoid, the moving spore of an antheridium, analagous to 

 the spermatozoa of animals. 



Teleutospore, same as protospore. 



Tetraspore, a four-spored cell. 



Trichospores, spores on slender threads, like conidia, but 

 jointed, each cell producing zoospores. 



Winter Spores, spores that remain dormant for some time. 



Zoospore, moving spore, like Infusoria. It ha.s, at some period 

 of its existence, ciliary appendages. 



Zyciospore, the conjunction of two cells forming a spore. 



THE OBLIQUE ILLUMINATOR; AN APPARATUS FOR 



OBTAINING OBLIQUE ILLUMINATION AT 



DEFINITE ANGLES. 



BY J. J. WOODWARD, SURGEON AND BVT. LT. COL., U. S. A. 



{Received May igth, i8jg^ 



The radial arm for carrying the substage of the microscope, 

 as made for some years in this country by Tolles, Bulloch and 

 Zentmayer, and recently adopted in England by Ross & Co., 

 affords a very satisfactory means of obtaining oblique illumination 

 at known angles. I have, however, been unable to make use of 

 this excellent device for the purposes of photo-micrography, 



