78 The Normal Histology of the Human Hemolymph Glands 



3. SPLEEN: 



Hemolymph gland. 



Hemolytic function. 



Sinusoidal organ. 



Afferent and efferent blood-vessels. 



No afferent lymph-vessels. 



Efferent lymph-capillaries. 



4. LYMPHATIC GLAND : 



Lymph gland. 



Lymphatic function. 



Lymph-sinuses. 



No blood-sinuses. 



Lymph and blood-systems separate. 



With respect to the relations between blood and lymphatic systems 

 the red marrow might be considered the most primitive type of lymph- 

 oid structure, and the ordinary lymphatic gland the most highly devel- 

 oped, the hemolj'-mph glands and spleen occupying intermediate posi- 

 tions. If viewed from a broader standpoint regarding both general 

 structure and functions the relations of the organs might be theoreti- 

 cally represented in the following manner: 



Lymphatic Gland. 



/ \ 



Splenolvmpli Gland Marrowlymph Gland 



I I 



Spleen. Lymphoid Marrow. 



In conclusion, the field of the human hemolymph glands has barely 

 been entered and its most important problems remain unsolved. Much 

 is .to be hoped from experimental work upon the lower animals in whom 

 these glands are larger and more numerous than in man. Work along 

 this line has already been begun in this laboratory. 



Note. — The limits of this article have prevented me including in 

 the brief review of the literature given above references to observations 

 made on lymph-glands with 'blood-containing sinuses by a number of 

 writers who apparently unaware of the existence of hemolymph glands 

 interpreted their findings as hyperemic or hemorrhagic lymph-glands. 

 Eindfleisch, Weigert, Neumann and Orth are among those who have 

 made such observations. Especial attention is, however called to the 

 article by Saltykow (Ueber bluthaltige Lymphdriisen beim Menschen, 

 Zeitschr. f. Heilkunde, 1900). In an examination of 60 cadavers this 



