O^ THE ORIGIN OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM FROM THE 



VEINS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LYMPH 



HEARTS AND THORACIC DUCT IN THE PIG. 



BY 



FLORENCE R. SABIN, M. D. 



From the Anatomical Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins Unixersity, Baltimore, Md. 



With 13 Text Figures. 



Although considerable attention has been given of late to the study 

 of the development of lymph glands, only two writers have led up 

 to the discovery of the origin of the lymphatic system as a whole, 

 Budge ^ and Ranvier." 



In 1880 Budge published an account of a canal system which he had 

 discovered in the mesoderm of early chick embryos; and in 1887, after 

 Budge's death. His published a further but necessarily incomplete 

 account of this work from Budge's notes and pictures. 



Budge injected the false amnion of chicks three days old, and found 

 that the fluid ran out into the area vasculosa as if in ducts. He then 

 injected along the arteries in chicks from nine to eighteen days old 

 and obtained beautiful injections of undoubted lymphatics. These 

 two experiments are related to one another in the text by the follow- 

 ing theory: Budge thought that there were two lymphatic systems, 

 and that the first or primitive system was present in the three-day 

 chick. He thought that the false amnion and ccelom being continu- 

 ous, there were ducts within the body wall connected with the c«lom, 

 analogous to those of the area vasculosa which he had injected from 

 the false amnion. The ducts within the body lying along the dorsal 

 line became pinched off from the coelom and united to form a thoracic 

 duct. With the thoracic duct began the second or permanent lym- 

 phatic system, which he had injected along the arteries in nine-dav 

 chicks. This idea of relating the lymphatic system to the serous 

 cavities has remained but a theory and the gap between the two svs- 

 tems of Budge has never been filled. 



1 Budge: Arch. f. Anat. u. Phys., Anat. Abthg., 1880 and 1887. 



•■^Ranvier: Comptes Rendus, 1895 and 1896; Archiv d' Anatomic, Tome 1, 1897. 



